Honey Protects the neurons Against Neuro-inflammation with No Side Effects

By Kyle J. Norton


Neuroinflammation is a medical condition caused by inflammation of the nervous tissue affecting the behavior, noradrenaline (NA) and other functions in the CNS.

It may be initiated by infection, traumatic brain injury, toxic metabolites, or autoimmunity.

Inflammation is a natural response of the first line defense of macrophages in the immune system after tissues damage by stimulating the production of blood palettes to cover the wound and pro-inflammatory cytokines to kill off the invading stimuli or pathogens in the acute phase of infection.

A nerve cell is a brain cell specialized in transmitting nerve impulses.

Chronic inflammation is a medical condition caused by the adaptation of the immune system after failing to kill off the invaders with a period of 3-8 weeks. Chronic inflammation has been found to initiate several diseases and conditions, including some cancers and rheumatoid arthritis.

Most cases of neuroinflammation are associated with the exposure to neurotoxic stimuli, ischemic injury, protein accumulation or age-related homeostatic perturbations caused by the microglia respond by upregulating inflammatory signals.

Similar to those of chronic inflammation in other parts of the body if the acute brain inflammation cannot be resolved within a set period of time, the inflammation may be chronic.

In other words, neuroinflammation is a complex response to brain injury involving the activation of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species.

Overnutrition in the Western world may be one of the main culprit associated with the widespread neuroinflammation in the aging population.

Dr. Dongsheng Cai in the differentiation of neuroinflammation in overnutrition-induced diseases, said, "overnutrition-induced inflammation occurs in the brain and thus plays abroad and leadership role in overnutrition-induced diseases".

And, "During the past decades, cross-disciplinary research from immunology and endocrinology has much broadened this knowledge by demonstrating that chronic conditions of nutritional excess constitute an independent category of inflammatory activators, and the resulting chronic and low-grade inflammation is an important characteristic of overnutrition-induced diseases".

Honey, the rich golden liquid is the miraculous product made by bees using nectar from flowers.

The liquid is considered one of the healthy food for replacing the use of white sugar and artificial sweetener by many people.

With an aim to find a natural therapy for the treatment of neuroinflammation against the progressive death of neurons, researchers evaluated the bioactive compound chrysin contained in honey anti-neuroinflammatory effects.

In LPS-induced BV2, primary microglial cells in mice, honey' chrysin protected the neuron integrity against the proteins associated with apoptosis and cycle arrest by stimulating the protein A 20 involved in the negative feedback regulation of NF-κB ( cell apoptosis) signaling.

In other words, chrysin exerts an anti-neuroinflammatory effect via NF-κB ( cell apoptosis) signaling and the exhibition of A20 expression.

Furthermore, in order to reveal more information about the protective effect of Tualang honey (TH) on neuroinflammation, researchers analyzed the cell death protein signaling in rat cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and brainstem after kainic acid- (KA-) induced status epilepticus. 

The study included male Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated orally with TH (1.0 g/kg body weight) five times at 12 h intervals and KA (15 mg/kg body weight) injected subcutaneously 30 min after last oral treatment.

Administration of KA-induced epileptic seizures and caused significant increase levels of proinflammatory cytokines and protein associated with neuron apoptosis in the rat cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and brainstem at multiple time points.

Pretreatment with TH significantly reduced the elevation pro-inflammatory level in those brain regions at multiple time points and attenuated the increased caspase-3 activity, a protein associated with cell death in the cerebral cortex.

Taken altogether, Tualang honey (TH), containing chrysin may be considered a  functional remedy for the prevention and treatment of neuroinflammation with no side effects, pending to the confirmation of large sample size and multicenter human study.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

References
(1) A20 as a novel target for the anti-neuroinflammatory effect of chrysin via inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway by Li Z1, Chu S2, He W2, Zhang Z2, Liu J2, Cui L2, Yan X2, Li D3, Chen N. (PubMed)
(2) Tualang Honey Reduced Neuroinflammation and Caspase-3 Activity in Rat Brain after Kainic Acid-Induced Status Epilepticus by Mohd Sairazi NS1, Sirajudeen KNS1, Muzaimi M2, Mummedy S1, Asari MA3, Sulaiman SA. (PubMed)
(3) Neuroinflammation in Overnutrition-induced Diseases by Dongsheng Cai. (PMC)