Holistic Health Articles and Research Related to Herbal Medicines, Foods and Phytochemicals

Thursday, 8 November 2018

Phytochemical Piperine in the Prevention and Treatment of Breast Cancer

By Kyle J. Norton

Piperine may be the new source of phytochemical used for the prevention and treatment of breast cancer, some studies suggested.

Breast cancer is a medical condition caused by the alternation of DNA of cells in the breast tissue.

According to the statistic, in 2010, over 250,000 new cases of breast cancer were diagnosed in women in the U.S. alone and the risk of getting invasive breast cancer during the lifetime of a woman is 1/8.

Most cases of breast cancer start with cell growth disorderly on the surface of the inner lining of the breast tissue. However, at the later stage, malignant cells can infected other healthy cells and tissue far the way from the breast through fluids and blood circulation.

The exact causes of breast cancer are unknown. However, the genetic prepositions that link to the breast cancer onset have been under intensive study over the last few decades.

Women who inherited the mutated gene BRCA 1 and 2 are associated with over 60% of breast cancer risk compared to women who do not.

Another risk factor associated with breast cancer risk has been mentioned in the scientist community
are a diet high in saturated and trans fat, red meat and process foods and low in fruits and vegetables.

Dr. Stoll BA on the Oncology Department, St. Thomas' Hospital, in the study "Breast cancer and the western diet, the role of fatty acids and antioxidant vitamins" said, "An increased ratio of n-3 to n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the diet inhibits the growth of the rat mammary cancer model" and " There is also evidence that members of then-3 PUFA series can inhibit the growth of human breast cancer cells both in vitro and in explants".

" Clinical trials of supplementary n-3 PUFAs in conjunction with a reduced fat intake have been proposed for breast cancer prevention".

These results suggested women who reduce the intake of saturated and trans fat, red meat and processed food and replace them with foods that processed a high amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids and antioxidants such as fruits and vegetables are at the reduced risk of breast cancer.

Piperine is a phytochemical alkaloid in the class of organosulfur compound, found abundantly in white and black pepper, long pepper, etc.

Dr. Do MT and colleagues in the cancer programs at the Chungnam National University, in the finding a natural compound for treatment of genetic mutation that causes breast cancer launched an investigation to examine the effect of Piperine, a bioactive component of black pepper, Piper nigrum Linn, molecular mechanisms by which piperine exerts antitumor effects in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells.

In HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells, piperine strongly inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis through caspase-3 activation and PARP cleavage, the proteins with the function to program cell death.

Piperine also inhibited HER2 gene expression in the promotion of cancer cell proliferation by blockading of ERK1/2 signaling. Piperine significantly reduced levels of SREBP-1 and FAS expression which is associated to promote cancer growth and survival.

Further analysis suggested that piperine suppressed the growth of tumor through stimulating the protein in the induction of cell apoptosis and inhibiting the protein in the promotion of cell proliferation and survival.

Dr.Do MT. in the final report of the study said, "piperine may be a potential agent for the prevention and treatment of human breast cancer with HER2 overexpression".

Moreover, in the study of piperine on the tumor growth and metastasis of mouse 4T1 mammary carcinoma in vitro and in vivo, researchers showed that application of Piperine (35-280 μmol/L) inhibits the growth of 4T1 cells in time- and dose-dependent manners (the IC(50) values were 105 ± 1.08 and 78.52 ± 1.06 μmol/L, respectively, at 48 and 72 h).

Piperine (70-280 μmol/L) dose-dependently induced apoptosis of 4T1 cells through the proteins that program cell death.

Piperine (140 and 280 μmol/L) significantly increased the percentage of cells in G(2)/M phase before inducing apoptosis with a reduction in the expression of cyclin B1 in facilitating the cell proliferation.

Additionally, Piperine (140 and 280 μmol/L) significantly decreased the expression of MMP-9 and MMP-13 in promoting the cancer cell division and survival and inhibited 4T1 cell migration in vitro.

At the final phase of the experiment, researchers also discovered that injection of piperine (2.5 and 5 mg/kg) dose-dependently suppressed the primary 4T1 tumor growth and injection of piperine (5 mg/kg) significantly inhibited the lung metastasis.

Taken altogether, piperine, a major pungent alkaloid present in pepper family may be considered functional phytochemical for the prevention and combined with the primary therapy for the treatment of breast cancer, depending to large sample size and multicenter human study

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

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Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
References
(I) Antitumor efficacy of piperine in the treatment of human HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells by Do MT, Kim HG, Choi JH, Khanal T, Park BH, Tran TP, Jeong TC, Jeong HG. (PubMed)
(2) Piperine suppresses tumor growth and metastasis in vitro and in vivo in a 4T1 murine breast cancer model by Lai LH, Fu QH, Liu Y, Jiang K, Guo QM, Chen QY, Yan B, Wang QQ, Shen JG.(PubMed)
(3) Breast cancer and the western diet: role of fatty acids and antioxidant vitamins by Stoll BA. (PubMed)

Wednesday, 7 November 2018

Celery, the Potential Anti Liver Caner Functional Food

By Kyle J. Norton

Scientists in the cancer research team have found a functional vegetable which may be the next pharmaceutical target to discover the chemotherapy for treatment of liver cancer.

Liver cancer is a medical and chronic condition characterized cell growth disorderly and uncontrollably that starts in the surface of the inner lining of liver tissue as the results of alternation of DNA.

At the early stage of liver cancer, most patients do not experience any symptom. However, as cancer continues to grow, in some stages, it will suppress the nearby nerve cell to facilitate local pain and discomforts.

At the advanced stage, the liver cancerous cell can travel a distance away to infect other healthy tissue and organs through the circulation of blood and fluids.

Researchers do not know why the liver cells of some people are susceptible to DNA alternation, while others do not, even they have the same health conditions, family history, and similar diet pattern.

Some researchers suggested that people who carry the infectious liver virus are associated with the major risk of the liver cancer onset.

Researchers at the cancer program at the joint study led by the Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Zentrum München in the confirmation of hepatitis B and C viruses risk of acute and chronic infections that can lead to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) showed that the hepatitis B and C besides contributing to the development of liver cancer, they also cause over 1.3 million deaths per year worldwide.

According to the statistic, liver cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, with HCC representing approximately 90% of all primary liver cancer cases.

Furthermore, patients who carry the hepatitis B, and C are at the increased risk of liver cirrhosis, the early stage of liver cancer.

Moreover, in the reassessment of the relationship between the risk liver cancer in hepatitis B and C carrier patients, researchers found that the majority of viral-associated HCC patients developed liver cirrhosis before liver cancer onset, however, hepatitis B virus infection can promote HCC development without the prior end-stage liver disease.

Therefore, if you are a carrier of hepatitis B and C, please make sure that you know how to protect yourself against the risk of liver cancer.

Some researchers suggested the best protection for people who have been recently exposed to the hepatitis B and C virus and are not vaccinated, are usually given the vaccine along with a shot of hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) and a combination of antiviral drugs, respectively.

Celery is a species of Apium graveolens, belonging to the family Apiaceae.

The vegetable is cultivated all around the globe as a vegetable. Celery can grow to 1/2 m tall with stalks (leaf on the top) arranging in a conical shape joined at a common base.

Major phytochemicals found in celery include 3-n-butylphthalide, acetylenic, coumarins, phenolic acids, limonene, phthalides, and apigenin.

In the study to reaffirm the liver protective effect of celery seed, researchers launched an investigation to examine the anti-liver cancer activity of a methanolic extract of Apium graveolens seeds (celery seeds) on positive foci of gamma-GT in the liver of Wistar rats.

Application of celery seeds extracts demonstrated a liver protective effect in a dose-dependent against toxins induced hepatocarcinogenesis and gamma-GT positive foci in the rat treatment group.

5 days of pretreatment of celery seeds extracts stimulated the production of antioxidant enzymes in the host such as glutathione (GSH) and detoxifying enzymes such as quinone reductase (QR), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) which were suppressed by the injection of toxins.

Dr. Sultana S, the lead author said, "A. graveolens is a potent plant against experimentally induced hepatocarcinogenesis in Wistar rats".

Furthermore, in the study of the liver protective effects of perillyl alcohol, a monoterpene isolated from the essential oils of lavendin, peppermint, spearmint, cherries, celery seeds, and several other plants, the researchers found that
* Application of perillyl alcohol not only displays a significant activity against liver cancer but also inhibits the progression of pancreatic and mammary tumors.

* Perillyl alcohol actively induces apoptosis in liver tumor cells without affecting normal cells.

* Perillyl alcohol reverts tumor cells back to a differentiated state.

* Further differentiation indicated that Perillyl alcohol exerts the liver protective effect through activating the production of protein in responsible of programming cell death and deactivating the protein with function in pro cellular survival.

Taken altogether, celery may be considered a functional food for the prevention of liver cancer and an adjunct therapy combined with the primary medicine for the treatment of liver cancer, depending to the large human sample size and multi-center studies.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

References
(1) [Chemical constituents of fresh celery].[Article in Chinese] by Zhou K1, Wu B, Zhuang Y, Ding L, Liu Z, Qiu F(PubMed)
(2) Inhibitory effect of celery seeds extract on chemically induced hepatocarcinogenesis: modulation of cell proliferation, metabolism, and altered hepatic foci development by Sultana S1, Ahmed S, Jahangir T, Sharma S(PubMed)
(3) Perillyl alcohol: applications in oncology by Belanger JT.(PubMed)
(4) Viral hepatitis and liver cancer by Marc Ringehan,1,2,3 Jane A. McKeating,4,5 and Ulrike Protzer. (PMC)

Phytochemical Tartaric acid, The Natural Antibiotic Alternative, Scientists Say

By Kyle J. Norton

Phytochemicals may be next potential sources of new medications for the treatment of diseases with little or no side effects.

Tartaric acid, a phytochemical of the organic acid may be considered an alternative antibiotic remedy to replace the conventional medicine for the treatment of infectious disease caused by harmful bacteria, some studies suggested.

Phytochemicals, the natural chemical constituent, protect the plants against diseases and form their outer's color.

Out of millions of bacteria presented in this world, only a hundred of them cause infectious diseases. And, most bacteria that cause large-scale disease in human history may be closed to extinction.

Contrast to general belief, most bacteria live as independent cells, they share the basic characteristics of all living things, they breathe, metabolize, produce waste, and maintain a membrane potential.

However, bacteria do not process a nucleus in which their DNA is separated from the rest of the cell.

In the differentiation of bacteria, one must know that not all bacteria are bad. Some bacteria found in the digestive tract has been found to aid digestion and prevent the imbalance of bad and good bacteria. In other words, most bacteria are harmless.

Bacteria can enter our body to cause infection through an open wound, drinking bacterially contaminated water, closed contact with infectious patients, breathing in the exhaled droplets of an infected person.

In order to protect the body against bacterial invasion, the immune white blood cells after sensing the presence of harmful pathogens stimulate the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines to the site of infection with an aim to destroy the bacteria before causing damage to the body.

However, overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines in some cases can also cause the death of healthy cells, leading to improper healing with the formation of scars.

Tartaric acid is a phytochemical of the organic acid found abundantly in nuts, apricots, apples, sunflower, avocado, grapes, etc.

In the finding natural antibiotics without inducing side effects as of those in conventional medicine, researchers at the Mississippi State University conducted an experiment to examine the anti bacertial effects of the water-soluble extracts prepared from purple (cultivar Ison) and bronze (cultivar Carlos) muscadine seeds with or without heating.

Application of the Ison extracts displayed a strong antimicrobial activity against a cocktail of three strains of Escherichia coli O157: H7.

Chemicals analysis suggested the extract had a higher acidity (pH 3.39 to 3.43) compared to normal extract.

The major chemical compounds associated to the antibacterial activity including total phenolics (2.21 to 3.49 mg/ml), tartaric acid (5.6 to 10.7 mg/ml), tannic acid (5.7 to 8.1 mg/ml), and gallic acid (0.33 to 0.59 mg/ml), are also higher than those of the Carlos extracts.

Furthermore, heat treatment on both extracts increased antimicrobial activity, possibly because of increased acidity of the tartaric acid, total phenolics, and individual phenolics.

Heating of Ison extracts increased ellagic acid up to 83%. higher than the minimum of 10.7 mg/ml tartaric acid used alone exerted a strong effect against E. coli O157:H7 .

However, up to 10.7 mg/ml tartaric acid alone was not as effective against E. coli O157:H7 as were water-soluble seed extracts.

The ingredients which are responsible for the antibacterial efficacy of the purple (cultivar Ison) and bronze (cultivar Carlos) muscadine seeds are tannic and gallic acids, which process property of inactivation of pathogens.

Dr. Kim TJ, the lead author, on the final phase of the study wrote, "Water-soluble muscadine seed extracts may be useful for incorporation into juice and other beverage products as natural preservatives".

Taken together, tartaric acid exerted a significant effect in the inhibition of bacterium may be considered a functional phytochemical for the prevention and an adjunct therapy combined with the primary medicine for the treatment of bacterial infection.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Reference
(1) Antimicrobial effect of water-soluble muscadine seed extracts on Escherichia coli O157:H7.

Tuesday, 6 November 2018

Herbal Chickweed, The Natural and Potential Remedy Which Protects Our Liver Against Hepatitis

By Kyle J. Norton, Master of Nutrition

Scientists may have found a single whole herb which processes a significant effect in reducing risk and treatment of hepatitis with no side effects, some studies suggested.

Hepatitis is a group of infectious disease characterized by the inflammation of the liver.

Most cases of hepatitis are caused by viral infection, such as hepatitis A, B, and C. However, the disease also can be induced by excessive alcohol drinking and long-term intake of certain medication such as the popular Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

Genetic preposition such as gene and certain medical conditions such as Cryoglobulinemia, a disease with an abnormality of the antibody and B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma are also found to elevate the risk of the disease onset.

Dr. Zheng Zeng in the study "Human genes involved in hepatitis B virus infection", wrote, " There is an approximate 90% risk of becoming a persistent carrier following perinatal infection in infants born to e antigen positive carrier mothers and a 30% risk in pre-school children. Only 5%-10% of adults become persistent carriers following infection".

Hepatitis is a very contagious disease. people who eat food or drink beverages contaminated with the feces of an infected person are easily infected by the virus.

Fishes and selfish that grow in the polluted water are also found to infected people with hepatitis virus.

Other risk factors associated with liver inflammation also include liver disease, cirrhosis, and liver toxicity.

According to the investigation of hepatitis infection among 563 adult Swedish expatriates suggested, "The most frequently reported recognised risk factors for the acquisition of viral hepatitis (as reported in a self-administered questionnaire) were having received an inoculation during medical or dental treatment, reported by 45% of all subjects, and having had sexual contact with the indigenous population, reported by 35%" and "the prevalences of hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) markers in these expatriates were of the same magnitude as previously reported in the general Swedish population, 8% and 0.3%, respectively, the prevalence of markers for a past or present HBV infection was about twice as high (5%)".

Chickweed is a cool-season annual plant often eaten by chickens., genus S. media, belonging to the family Caryophyllaceae, native to Europe.

The herb has been used in herbal medicine to treat skin conditions, indigestion, eczema, cough, rashes, etc. and as astringent, carminative, demulcent, diuretic, expectorant, laxative, refrigerant, vulnerary agent.

In the study to reaffirm the use of Chickweed in traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of viral infection, researchers at the Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine conducted an evaluation to examine anti-hepatitis virus of a fresh juice made from the herbal medicine.

All the fresh chickweed juices were prepared by the macroporous resin and ultrafiltration technology.

In vitro, the human HBV-transfected liver cell line HepG2.2.15. after treatment with fresh chickweed juices for 6 or 9 days, with the injection of 30 μg/mL SM-3 effectively suppressed the secretion of HBsAg and HBeAg with inhibition rates of 27.92% and 25.35% after 6 days of treatment of HepG2.2.15 cells, respectively.

Application of SM-3 reduced the level of HBV DNA in a dose-dependent manner.

Furthermore, the SM-3 also exerted a potential effect in the reduction in HBV antigens.

Moreover, in the examine the characterization and quantitation of the chemical composition of SM-3, researchers discovered that the efficacy of SM-3 in the inhibition of the human HBV-transfected liver cell line HepG2.2.15 was results of antiviral activities of the presence of flavonoid C-glycosides, polysaccharides, and protein found in the herb.

These results strongly suggested that herbal Chickweed possesses potential anti-HBV activity in vitro.

Additionally, in the examine the anti-hepatoma activity on five human liver-cancer cell lines, i.e. HepG2/C3A, SK-HEP-1, HA22T/VGH, Hep3B and PLC/PRF/5. of 15 15 herbal medicines used as folk medicine in Canada were evaluated by the McGill University.

Chickweed was found to exert a significant effect in the protection of the liver against the growth of all five cell lines, HepG2/C3A, SK-HEP-1, HA22T/VGH, Hep3B and PLC/PRF/5.

Taken altogether, Chickweed may be considered a function herbal medicine for the prevention and treatment of hepatitis.

However, due to the limitation of the above studies, additional data collection large example size and multi-centers studies performed with human consumption of the whole food or its bioactive compounds during the course of the disease will be necessary to complete the picture of Chickweed anti-hepatitis possibilities.

(1) In vitro anti-hepatoma activity of fifteen natural medicines from Canada by Lin LT1, Liu LT, Chiang LC, Lin CC. (PubMed)(2) Bioactive constituents from Chinese natural medicines. XIV. New glycosides of beta-carboline-type alkaloid, neolignan, and phenylpropanoid from Stellaria dichotoma L. var. lanceolata and their antiallergic activities by Morikawa T1, Sun B, Matsuda H, Wu LJ, Harima S, Yoshikawa M.(PubMed
(3) Anti-hepatitis B virus activity of chickweed [Stellaria media (L.) Vill.] extracts in HepG2.2.15 cells by Ma L1, Song J, Shi Y, Wang C, Chen B, Xie D, Jia X.(PubMed)
(4) Evaluation of hepatoprotective activity of water-soluble polysaccharide fraction of Stellaria media L. by Gorina YV1, Saprykina EV, Gereng EA, Perevozchikova TV, Krasnov EA, Ivanova EV, Fait EA, Baranova OV. (PubMed)
(5) In vitro anti-hepatoma activity of fifteen natural medicines from Canada by Lin LT1, Liu LT, Chiang LC, Lin CC. (PubMed)
References

Hawthorn Fruit, the Herbal Remedy Which May Process Anti Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Potency

By Kyle J Norton, Master of Nutrition

Scientists may have discovered a potent natural ingredient for the prevention and treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty liver disease (NAFLD) without inducing any side effects, some studies suggested.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a condition characterized by excessive fat the accumulation in the liver, other than abusive alcohol drinking.

Patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the early stage may not experience any symptoms, however, at the later stage, due to the formation of liver scars in the liver, the disease may decrease the liver function in detoxifying harmful substances, cleaning the blood and making vital nutrients to the body needs.

Patients in this stage may also experience symptoms of persistent fatigue, bleeding and bruising easily, itchy skin and yellow discoloration in the skin and eyes and persistent fluid accumulation in your abdomen.

Some researchers suggested that the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease over a few decades is correlated to the widespread of obesity due to abnormalities in fatty acid metabolism, in conjunction with adipose tissue, hepatic, and systemic inflammation.

Dr. Lu FB, the lead author in the study, " The relationship between obesity and the severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: systematic review and meta-analysis", said, "obesity may not be an independent factor for the development of NASH or advanced fibrosis in NAFLD patients and NAFLD should be considered as potential population for pharmacologic treatment regardless of obesity. In addition, PNPLA3 rs738409 may be more relevant to the progression of non-obese NAFLD when compared to obese NAFLD".

The rs738409 polymorphism of the PNPLA3 gene is associated with the onset of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis.

Starvation and protein malnutrition, long-term use of total parenteral nutrition, intestinal bypass surgery for obesity, rapid weight loss and medical conditions such as hyperlipidemia (elevated lipids in the blood), insulin resistance and high blood pressure. genetic preposition and long-term use of medication are also the prevalent risk factors of the disease onset.

Hawthorn is shrubs and trees of the genus Crataegus, belonging to the family Rosaceae, native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere in Europe, Asia, and North America.

The herb has been used in traditional medicine to treat heart disease and symptoms of heart diseases such as irregular heartbeat, high blood pressure, chest pain, hardening of the arteries, etc., circulatory disorders and respiratory illnesses.

Researchers at The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, in the concerns that nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is emerging as a widespread condition worldwide, and reaffirm the natural treatments of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) launched an investigation to find natural medicines for the treatment of NAFLD without prominent side effects.

Truly, alternative medicines for the treatment of NAFLD have been proven with many successful histories of controlling the disease with no or fewer side effects, compared to conventional treatment of the same

The search of the database of PubMed and China National Knowledge Infrastructure from January 1995 to June 2010 for RCTs comparing either traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulations alone or in combination with placebo, ursodeoxycholic acid, insulin sensitizers, lipid-lowering drugs, or antioxidants found 5904 patients from 62 RCTs and 25,661 patients from 419 clinical studies with TCM formulation analysis.

In the compared studies, TCM had a better effect on the normalization of alanine aminotransferase and disappearance of radiological steatosis in the treatment of NAFLD, compared to Western medicine without inducing any side effects.

In general, Chinese herbal formulas have found to be effective, compared to the single herb in reducing the abnormality of fat accumulation in the liver.

Researchers after counting numbers of herbs used in the studies, out of 246 kinds of Chinese herbs included in our present study, with an average of 10 herbs (range 1-31) in each formulation, Hawthorn fruit was the most often used herb in the treatment of NAFLD.

Dr. the lead author, after taking into account co and confounders said, " TCM is of modest benefit to the treatment of NAFLD".

Taken altogether, Hawthorn Fruit may be considered a functional food used combination with other herbal medicine for the prevention and treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), depending on the further data collection of large example size and multi-centers studies performed with human consumption of the whole food or its bioactive compound during the course of the disease will be necessary to complete the picture of Hawthorn fruit anti- NAFLD possibilities.

The Plant Base Bioactive Indole-3-Carbinol, in the Prevention and Treatment of Lung Cancer

By Kyle J. Norton

Indole-3-carbinol, an organic compound found in cruciferous vegetables may process a potential in reducing risk and treatment of lung cancer, some scientists found.

Lung cancer is a class of chronic and medical disease caused by irregular cells growth originated from the inner lining of the lung tissue due to the DNA alternation.

At the advanced stage after colonizing most parts of the lung, the cancerous cells can travel from the primary site to infect other healthy tissue and organs a distance away.

In the US, lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths, causing 158,683 deaths, including 88,329 men and 70,354 women, according to the 2007 statistic.

Researchers do not the exact causes of lung cancer. As of today, no one knows why people with similar health conditions, family history, and race, some are susceptible to the early onset of the disease while others do not.

Some researchers suggested genetic mutation and long-term cigarette smoking are 2 major risk factors associated with the alternative of lung cell DNA.

Truly, according to the statistic, approximately 8% of lung cancers are inherited or occur as a result of a genetic predisposition.

Dr. Ahmed El-Telbany, the lead scientist in the study "Cancer Genes in Lung Cancer. Racial Disparities: Are There Any?" said, "Mutational analysis and genomics profiling in recent years have advanced the field of lung cancer genetics/genomics significantly. It is becoming more accepted now that the identification of genomic alterations in lung cancer can impact therapeutics, especially when the alterations represent “oncogenic drivers” in the processes of tumorigenesis and progression" and

"The genes which are associated with lung cancer risk include EGFR, KRAS, MET, LKB1, BRAF, PIK3CA, ALK, RET, and ROS1".

Genetic mutation inherited from the parents is a result of an autosomal dominant pattern, which means one copy of the altered gene in each cell is sufficient to increase a person's chance of developing lung cancer.

However, not all people who carry the mutated lung cancer genes will develop lung cancer.

On the cigarette smoking in risk of lung cancer, researchers believe cigarette containing high amount of cancer-causing substances (carcinogens), when inhaled, the cigarette smoke carried the chemical toxins to the lung cell directly, and prolonged periods exposed to such chemicals can alternate lung cell DNA, leading to the early onset of lung cancer.

The joint study to examine the impact of smoking on risks of the major cell types of lung cancer led by the Institute of Ruhr Universität Bochum (IPA) included 13,169 cases and 16,010 controls from Europe and Canada suggested

* Squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC) predominated in male smokers.

* The ORs were elevated for all metrics of exposure to cigarette smoke and were higher for SqCC and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) than for Adenocarcinoma (AdCa)

* Current male smokers with an average daily dose of >30 cigarettes had ORs of 103.5 (95% CI 74.8-143.2) for SqCC, 111.3 (95% CI 69.8-177.5) for small cell lung cancer (SCLC), and 21.9 (95% CI 16.6-29.0) for AdCa.

These result surely reconfirmed the epidemiological studies suggestion, long-term use of cigarettes is associated substantially increased the risk of lung cancer regardless of gender.

Indole-3-carbinol is a phytochemical in the class of Indoles found abundantly in cabbage, kale, Brussels sprouts, rutabaga, mustard greens, broccoli, etc.

With an aim to find the natural ingredient for the treatment of lung cancer without inducing any adverse effects, the University of Minnesota conducted a study to test the chemopreventive efficacy of indole-3-carbinol (I3C), a phytochemical found in cruciferous vegetables, to inhibit tobacco carcinogen-induced lung adenocarcinoma in A/J mice.

Before the infection of indole-3-carbinol (I3C), the tested mice were given a post-initiation or progression protocol.

Post-initiation administration of I3C decreased the multiplicity of surface tumors as well as all forms of histopathological lesions, including adenocarcinoma.

Further analysis the effect of indole-3-carbinol (I3C), in A549 lung adenocarcinoma cell line, researchers indicated that the lung cancer preventive effects of I3C are mediated, at least in part, via modulation of the receptor tyrosine kinase/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in the inhibition of cell growth and proliferation.

However, administration of the compound during tumor progression failed to decrease the multiplicity of surface tumors and early forms of microscopic lesions but reduced the frequency of adenocarcinoma.

In vivo, administration of a mixture of low concentrations of I3C (50 μM) plus silibinin (50 μM) for 72 h also displayed a significant inhibition of cell growth through the expression of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and Akt activation in the induction of apoptosis of A549 and H460 lung cancer cells.

Moreover, in the examine, the effects of indole-3-carbinol (I3C), in a mixture of NNK plus BaP (2 micromols each), administered by gavage as eight biweekly doses caused 21.1 +/- 5.2 lung tumors in a mouse model.

* Lung cancer induced mice given diets containing I3C at 1, 10, 30, 71, and 112 micromol/g, beginning at 50% in the carcinogen treatment phase, had 17.9 +/- 6.1, 10.4 +/- 3.7, 9.8 +/- 5.1, 5.2 +/- 4.0, and 2.5 +/- 2.4 lung tumors per mouse, corresponding to reductions by 15%, 51%, 53%, 75%, and 88%, respectively.

* I3C was significantly effective at the lowest dose level (1 micromol I3C/g diet).

* Administration of I3C (112 micromols/g diet) beginning 1 week after the last dose of the carcinogen significantly reduced lung cancer induced by NNK plus BaP by 74%.

* I3C inhibited the lung cancer progression partly through the antiproliferative and apoptotic activity.

Dr. Kassie F, the lead scientist, at the final phase of the experiment said, "the efficacy of I3C in the prevention of tobacco carcinogen-induced lung tumorigenesis in A/J mice and provide a basis for future evaluation of this compound in clinical trials as a chemopreventive agent for current and former smokers".

Taken altogether, phytochemical Indole-3-carbinol may be considered a functional bioactive compound for the prevention of lung cancer and a secondary therapy combined with the primary medicine for the treatment of lung cancer, depending to the further data collection of the large sample size and multi-center human study.

References
(1) Indole-3-carbinol inhibited tobacco smoke carcinogen-induced lung adenocarcinoma in A/J mice when administered during the post-initiation or progression phase of lung tumorigenesis by Qian X1, Melkamu T, Upadhyaya P, Kassie F.(PubMed)
(2) Dose-dependent inhibition of tobacco smoke carcinogen-induced lung tumorigenesis in A/J mice by indole-3-carbinol by Kassie F1, Matise I, Negia M, Upadhyaya P, Hecht SS.(PubMed)
(3) Enhanced inhibition of lung adenocarcinoma by combinatorial treatment with indole-3-carbinol and silibinin in A/J mice by Dagne A1, Melkamu T, Schutten MM, Qian X, Upadhyaya P, Luo X, Kassie F.(PubMed)
(4) Cancer Genes in Lung Cancer Racial Disparities: Are There Any? by Ahmed El-Telbany1,2 and Patrick C. Ma. (PMC)

Monday, 5 November 2018

The 134 Health Benefits of Green Tea, The World Most Popular Beverage

By Kyle J. Norton

Green tea, a precious drink processes numbers of health benefit known to almost everyone in Asia and Western world.

The below articles are the 132 health benefits cited by medical literature from many online databases

Continued