Cranberry in the Promotion of Digestive Health

By Kyle J. Norton

The digestive system included the gastrointestinal tract, the liver, pancreas, and gallbladder play a critical role to maintain the body normal function by providing nutrients and fluids to the body and remove waste through the secretary system.


Digestion is a process of the digestive system by breaking down food for nutrients through mechanical and enzymatic action.

Gut Microbiota is a community of microorganisms living in the gastrointestinal tract.

Under normal conditions, gut microbiota plays a critical role in overall health, including improving the absorption of the dietary nutrients of the digestive system,  protecting the body against xenobiotics and drug toxicity through facilitating the excretion.

Futhermore, the gut microbiota also involved in the maintenance of the structural integrity of the gut mucosal barrier, gut microbiota enhances the epithelial cells with a function to protect the intestine against invasive pathogens and ensure the function of intestinal in nutrients adsorption.

 In immunomodulation, gut microbiota interacts with the immune system against inflammatory immune disorders and inhibits the risk of gastrointestinal diseases and non-gastrointestinal diseases caused by overexpression of bad bacteria.

However, imbalanced of the ratio of gut microbiota may have a negative on human health and diseases.

Dr. Yu-Jie Zhang wrote, "Gut bacteria are an important component of the microbiota ecosystem in the human gut, which is colonized by 1014 microbes, ten times more than the human cells. Gut bacteria play an important role in human health, such as supplying essential nutrients, synthesizing vitamin K, aiding in the digestion of cellulose, and promoting angiogenesis and enteric nerve function".

And, "However, they can also be potentially harmful due to the change of their composition when the gut ecosystem undergoes abnormal changes in the light of the use of antibiotics, illness, stress, aging, bad dietary habits, and lifestyle. Dysbiosis of the gut bacteria communities can cause many chronic diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, cancer, and autism".

Cranberry is an evergreen dwarf shrub, genus Vaccinium, belongings to the family Ericaceae, native to Northern America and Southern Asia. Because of its health benefits, cranberry has been cultivated in some parts of the world for commercial profit and used in traditional and herbal medicine to treat wounds, urinary disorders, diarrhea, diabetes, stomach ailments, and liver problems.

On finding a potential compound for the treatment of digestive health, researchers examined the effect of Vaccinium berry fruit in modulating gut microbiota function.

According to the tested differentiation, cranberry anthocyanidins only interfered with the colonization of the gut by Escherichia coli in vitro but also attenuated gut barrier dysfunction caused by dietary insults in vivo.

The efficacy of cranberry anthocyanidins in the promotion of gut microbiota in the flavor of the good bacterias was attributed by the synergic activity between these proanthocyanidins, other cranberry components such as isoprenoids and xyloglucans.

Futhermore, cranberry constituents and their bioactive catabolites also have a strong effect on bacterial adhesion, coaggregation, and biofilm formation that may contribute clinical benefits on gastrointestinal and urinary tract infections,

Additionally, cranberry constituents and their bioactive catabolites also processed strong anti-inflammatory actions by mediating the gut microbiome.

Taken altogether, cranberry may be considered a remedy for the improvement of the digestive health, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Impact of Cranberries on Gut Microbiota and Cardiometabolic Health: Proceedings of the Cranberry Health Research Conference 2015 by Blumberg JB1, Basu A2, Krueger CG3, Lila MeseaNeto CC5, Novotny JA6, Reed JD3, Rodriguez-Mateos A7, Toner CD. (PubMed)
(2) Impacts of Gut Bacteria on Human Health and Diseases by Yu-Jie Zhang, Sha Li and Ren-You Gan. (Research Gate)