Sunday 19 January 2020

Beta-sitosterol Oxidation Products (SOPs) Exerts the Similar Side Effects as of Cholesterol Oxidation

By Kyle J. Norton
Antioxidants are stable atom that plays a critical role in protecting the body against the attack of free radicals.

In other words, antioxidants inhibited the onset of free radical before they can cause a chain reaction in facilitating the protein, lipid and cell damage.

Antioxidants can either produced by the liver or intake from dietary sources. Under normal conditions, antioxidant enzymes produced by the body in a healthy individual are good enough to counter the bombardment of free radical attacks.

There are 3 main types of antioxidants found in nature, including
* Antioxidant enzymes produced by the host, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and catalases.

* Antioxidants vitamins, that may be injected from the dietary sources such as fruits and vegetables, including vitamins A, C, D, and E. Most antioxidant vitamins are considered free radical scavengers that gobble up free radicals before they can induce a cascade of damage.

* Antioxidant Phytochemicals found in the plant including second metabolites.

Antioxidants keep our bodies functioning properly by reducing the risk of diseases associated with oxidative stress.

Oxidative stress is a result of an imbalance of the ratio of free radicals and antioxidants in the body.

Free radicals are highly reactive molecules with an unpaired electron on the outer ring of the atom.
Due to its nature to become stable, free radicals readily to donate or steal an electron from other molecules, leading to the chain of domino's effect that can not be stopped until either the electrons are paired or inhibited by antioxidants.

This chain of reaction is the cause of oxidative stress, a condition is associated with either overexpression of free radicals or depletion of antioxidant enzymes produced by the host organs.

Beta-Sitosterol is a phytochemical in the class of Phytosterols, belongings to the group of Lipids, found abundantly in avocados, rice bran, wheat germ, corn oils, fennel, peanuts, soybeans, hawthorn, basil, buckwheat. etc.

On finding a potential phytochemical for the prevention and treatment of diseases associated with oxidative stress, researchers examined the beta-sitosterol oxidation products (SOPs) negative health effects.

SOPs were found to elevate the level of reactive oxygen species in rat aortic endothelial cells, and the effects were reversed by antioxidants tempol, tiron, or diphenylene iodonium

In other words, SOPs elevated the levels of cholesterol have a strong implication on the risk of atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases.

According to the experimental analysis,
* Both cholesterol and beta-sitosterol were thermally unstable with 75% of cholesterol and beta-sitosterol being oxidized at 180 degrees C for 2 h.
* The oxidation behavior of beta-sitosterol was similar to that of cholesterol in terms of oxidative rate and oxidation products.

* Both cholesterol and beta-sitosterol were oxidized more slowly in corn oil, lard, and olive oil,

More precisely, the slowed oxidation of cholesterol and beta-sitosterol was attributable to the unsaponified antioxidants present in these fat and oils.

* However, GTC, alpha-tocopherol, and quercetin were more effective than green tea catechins (GTC) in preventing the oxidation of cholesterol and beta-sitosterol.


Taken altogether, beta-sitosterol oxidation products (SOPs) used as a supplement should be taken with care as they exerted similar and negative health benefits, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of beta-Sitosterol in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.


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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Oxidation of cholesterol and beta-sitosterol and prevention by natural antioxidants by Xu G1, Guan L, Sun J, Chen ZY. (PubMed)

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