Tannic acid is a phytochemical in the class of phenolic acids, found abundantly in nettles, tea, berries, etc.
Health Benefits
1. Asthma in Children
In
the determination of the effectiveness of physical and chemical
environmental control measures for house dust mites (HDM) in
controlling bronchial asthma in children, found that in the group where
tannic acid
was used as a chemical measure, the number of children with moderate
and severe asthma decreased from 15 in each category to 11 and 7,
respectively. In the control group, only the mean difference of PEFR
(1.62 l/min) was significant after 16 weeks. Despite these promising
findings, only the FEV1 was significantly different (p = 0.014) when the
four groups were compared, according to "Environmental intervention for house dust mite control in childhood bronchial asthma" by El-Ghitany EM, Abd El-Salam MM.(1)
2. Antiviral activity
In
the investigation of the inhibition effects of Chinese medicinal herbs
against NoVs binding to HBGAs for potential antivirals against NoVs,
found that tannic acid
is a common composition in the extracts of the two herbs, so we
speculate that it might be the effective compound and further studies
using commercially available, highly purified tannic acid confirmed the tannic acid as a strong inhibitor in the binding of NoV P protein to both A and B saliva (IC(50)≈0.1μM). Our data suggested that tannic acid is a promising candidate antiviral against NoVs., according to "Tannic acid inhibited norovirus binding to HBGA receptors, a study of 50 Chinese medicinal herbs" by Zhang XF, Dai YC, Zhong W, Tan M, Lv ZP, Zhou YC, Jiang X.(2)
3. Anti tumors
In
the searching for the development of tumor drug resistance is one of
the biggest obstacles on the way to achieve a favorable outcome of
chemotherapy, found that plant polyphenols that have been identified to
possess proteasome-inhibitory activity include
(-)-epigallocatechins-3-gallate (EGCG), genistein, luteolin, apigenin,
chrysin, quercetin, curcumin and tannic acid.
These polyphenols have exhibited an appreciable effect on overcoming
resistance to various chemotherapeutic drugs as well as multidrug
resistance in a broad spectrum of tumors ranging from carcinoma and
sarcoma to hematological malignances, according to "Targeting Tumor Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathway with Polyphenols for Chemosensitization" by Shen M, Chan TH, Dou QP.(3)
4. Longevity effect
In the review of the exposure of low concentrations of the polyphenol tannic acid
(TA) induces potent life-prolonging properties in Caenorhabditis
elegans, found that exploiting a suite of 14 mutant strains revealed
that the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase SEK-1 (SAPK/ERK
kinase) is a key player involved in TA-mediated longevity. It is
conceivable that TA mimics pathogen action and therefore activates the
SEK-1-mediated pathogen resistance pathway. This pathway is thought to
inhibit potential detrimental effects of TA and may also be involved in
the longevity process, according to "The longevity effect of tannic acid in Caenorhabditis elegans: Disposable Soma meets hormesis" by Saul N, Pietsch K, Menzel R, Stürzenbaum SR, Steinberg CE.(4)
5. Anti fungal effect
In the investigation of the heterologous expression of the tannic acid-inducible
laccase3 using a yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, found that expression
of the lac3 gene has an inhibitory effect on the growth of transformed
S. cerevisiae and that the controlled expression of lac3 is
appropriate for the possible application of recombinant yeast to the
treatment of phenolic compounds, according to "Heterologous expression of a tannic acid-inducible laccase3 of Cryphonectria parasitica in Saccharomyces cerevisiae" by Kim JM, Park SM, Kim DH.(5)
6. Internal hemorrhoids
In the study of aluminum potassium sulfate and tannic acid
(ALTA), a new sclerosing therapy for internal hemorrhoids, indicated
that from January 2009 to March 2010, we performed the ALTA sclerosing
therapy on 28 patients (14 men and 14 women; mean age, 64.6 years),
including 5 second-degree, 16 third-degree and 7 fourth-degree
hemorrhoids. There were 6 postoperative complications (2 cases of low
grade fever, 2 anal pains, 1 necrosis at injection site and 1 perianal
dermatitis). All symptoms of prolapse or bleeding disappeared after 29
postoperative days. There were 3 recurrent cases (10.7%). Conclusions:
ALTA sclerosing therapy is a useful and less invasive treatment for
internal hemorrhoids, according to "ALTA Injection Sclerosing Therapy:Non-Excisional Treatment of Internal Hemorrhoids" by
Miyamoto H, Asanoma M, Miyamoto H, Shimada M.(6)
7. Diuretic activity
In
the investigation of petroleum ether and ethanolic extracts of Cyclea
peltata and their diuretic activity, found that the presence of
alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins,
diterpenes and saponins. Pharmacological investigation revealed that
ethanolic extract of C. peltata leaves possessed significant diuretic
activity in a given dose of 200 and 300 mg/kg body weight (Diuretic
action 1.7 and 2.6, respectively). Where as petroleum ether extract has
shown moderate diuresis at a dose of 300 mg/kg body weight (Diuretic
action 1.1), according to "Phytochemical investigation and diuretic activity of Cyclea peltata leaf extracts" by Hullatti KK, Gopikrishna UV, Kuppast IJ.(7)
8. Inflammatory bowel disease
In
the assessment of the protective effect of aqueous extract of Spinacia
oleracea leaves (AESO 250, 500, and 1,000 mg/kg, p.o.) in inflammatory
bowel disease using acetic acid-
and ethanol-induced colitis in mice and indomethacin-induced
enterocolitis in rats, found that the treatment with AESO significantly
increased body weight, decreased diarrhea with bloody stools, increased
blood hemoglobin and plasma total protein, and decreased serum and
ileum or colon malondialdehyde content and attenuated the extent of
lesions and ameliorated the histological injury of mucosa in all
paradigms. The most prominent effects were evident for AESO 1,000
mg/kg. The results of the present study revealed that AESO was
effective in attenuating almost all the symptoms of IBD in experimental
paradigms, according to "Protective effect of aqueous extract of Spinacia oleracea leaves in experimental paradigms of inflammatory bowel disease" by Otari KV, Gaikwad PS, Shete RV, Upasani CD.(8)
9. Congestive effects
In the orally administration of the flavonoid tannic acid
(TA) to the transgenic PSAPP mouse model of cerebral amyloidosis
(bearing mutant human APP and presenilin-1 transgenes) and evaluation of
the cognitive function and AD-like pathology, found that in vitro
validation, we treated well-characterized mutant human
APP-overexpressing murine neuron-like cells with TA and found
significantly reduced Aβ production associated with less amyloidogenic
APP proteolysis. Taken together, these results raise the possibility
that dietary supplementation with TA may be prophylactic for AD by
inhibiting β-secretase activity and neuroinflammation and thereby
mitigating AD pathology, according to "Tannic Acid
is a Natural β-secretase Inhibitor that Prevents Cognitive Impairment
and Mitigates Alzheimer-like Pathology in Transgenic Mice" by Mori T, Rezai-Zadeh K, Koyama N, Arendash GW, Yamaguchi H, Kakuda N, Horikoshi-Sakuraba Y, Tan J, Town T.(9)
10. Colon cancer
In the investigation of Hamamelis virginiana (witch hazel) bark, a rich source of condensed and hydrolyzable tannins
is reported to exert a protective action against colon cancer, found
that treatment with these compounds reduced tumor viability and induced
apoptosis, necrosis, and S-phase arrest in the cell cycle of HT29
cells, with hamamelitannin being the most efficient. Owing to
polyphenol-mediated H(2)O(2) formation in the incubation media, the
antiproliferative effect was determined in the presence and absence of
catalase to rule out any such interference, according to "Hamamelitannin from Witch Hazel (Hamamelis virginiana) Displays Specific Cytotoxic Activity against Colon Cancer Cells"
by Sánchez-Tena S, Fernández-Cachón ML, Carreras A, Mateos-Martín ML,
Costoya N, Moyer MP, Nuñez MJ, Torres JL, Cascante M.(10)
11. Antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory effects and acute toxicity
In
the enaluation of the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects and
acute toxicity of aqueous infusion and ethanolic maceration extracts
of the aerial parts of Zhumeria majdae, in mice and rats, found that
phytochemical screening of the extracts indicated the presence of
flavonoids and tannins.
In the hot-plate test, the intraperitoneal injection of both extracts
showed significant and dose-dependent antinociceptive activity in mice.
Naloxone, an opioid antagonist, on pretreatment inhibited the
antinociceptive activity of the extracts. The extracts exhibited
antinociceptive activity against acetic acid-induced
writhing, which was partially blocked by naloxone. Both extracts
showed significant effect against acute inflammation induced by acetic acid
in mice. In the chronic inflammation test, efficacy of the extracts was
similar to that of baclofen and dexamethasone in rats, according to "Antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and acute toxicity effects of Zhumeria majdae extracts in mice and rats" by Hosseinzadeh H, Ramezani M, Fadishei M, Mahmoudi M.(11)
12. Antioxidant activity
In
the investigation of Highly galloylated tannin fractions from witch
hazel (Hamamelis virginiana) bark: electron transfer capacity, in vitro
antioxidant activity, and effects on skin-related cells, by Touriño
S, Lizárraga D, Carreras A, Lorenzo S, Ugartondo V, Mitjans M,
Vinardell MP, Juliá L, Cascante M, Torres JL.(12), found that the
extracts exhibited antinociceptive activity against acetic acid-induced
writhing, which was partially blocked by naloxone. Both extracts
showed significant effect against acute inflammation induced by acetic acid
in mice. In the chronic inflammation test, efficacy of the extracts
was similar to that of baclofen and dexamethasone in rats. It is
concluded that the aqueous infusion and ethanolic maceration extract of
the aerial parts of Zhumeria majdae have antinociceptive effects and
this may be mediated by opioid receptors.
13. Etc.
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Sources
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22302565
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22285570
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22292765
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20413530
(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20178646
(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22260824
(7) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22247891
(8) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22234676
(9) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22219198
(10) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22216935
(11) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11995946
(12) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18311930
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