Thyroid disease is defined as a condition of malfunction of thyroid.
Hyperthyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland is over active
and produces too much thyroid hormones. Hypothyroidism is a condition
in which the thyroid gland is under active and produces very little
thyroid hormones. Thyroid cancer is defined as condition in which the
cells in the thyroid gland have become cancerous.
Silent thyroiditis
Silent thyroiditis is the inflammation of the thyroid gland. Patients
with silent thyroiditis are experience back and forth between
hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. The disease classically present with
a triphasic course: a brief period of thyrotoxicosis due to release of
preformed thyroid hormone that lasts for 1 to 3 months, followed by a
more prolonged hypothyroid phase lasting up to 6 months, and eventual
return to a euthyroid state. However, the types and degree of thyroid
dysfunction are variable in these disorders, and individual patients may
present with mild or more severe cases of thyrotoxicosis alone,
hypothyroidism alone, or both types of thyroid dysfunction(a).
E. Prevention
E.1. Diet to prevent silent thyroiditis
1. Broccoli
Sulforaphane (SFN), a natural constituent of cruciferous vegetables such
as broccoli, Brussels sprouts, etc.. In the study to investigate the
role of prosurvival, cell death and inflammatory signaling pathways
using a rodent model of CIS-induced nephropathy, and explored the
effects of SFN on these processes, found that Cisplatin triggered marked
activation of stress signaling pathways [p53, Jun N-terminal kinase
(JNK), and p38-α mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)] and promoted
cell death in the kidneys (increased DNA fragmentation, caspases-3/7
activity, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated uridine
triphosphate nick-end labeling), associated with attenuation of various
prosurvival signaling pathways [e.g., extracellular signal-regulated
kinase (ERK) and p38-β MAPK]. Cisplatin also markedly enhanced
inflammation in the kidneys [promoted NF-κB activation, increased
expression of adhesion molecules ICAM and VCAM, enhanced tumor necrosis
factor-α (TNF-α) levels and inflammatory cell infiltration]. These
effects were significantly attenuated by pretreatment of rodents with
SFN. Thus, the cisplatin-induced nephropathy is associated with
activation of various cell death and proinflammatory pathways (p53, JNK,
p38-α, TNF-α and NF-κB) and impairments of key prosurvival signaling
mechanisms (ERK and p38-β)(41).
2. Tart cherry
In the study of the effect of anthocyanin-rich tart cherries was tested
in the Zucker fatty rat model of obesity and metabolic syndrome, found
that tart cherry intake was associated with reduced hyperlipidemia,
percentage fat mass, abdominal fat (retroperitoneal) weight,
retroperitoneal interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha
(TNF-alpha) expression, and plasma IL-6 and TNF-alpha. Tart cherry diet
also increased retroperitoneal fat PPAR-alpha and PPAR-gamma mRNA (P =
.12), decreased IL-6 and TNF-alpha mRNA, and decreased nuclear factor
kappaB activity(42).
3. Walnut
Consumption of walnuts was associated with a statistically significant
increase in serum apolipoprotein A concentrations (P = .03), but did not
affect circulating levels of fetuin A, resistin, C-reactive protein,
serum amyloid A, soluble intercellular adhesion molecules 1 and 3,
soluble vascular cell adhesion protein 1, interleukins 6 and 8, tumor
necrosis factor α, E-selectin, P-selectin, and thrombomodulin. Four days
of walnut consumption (48 g/d) leads to mild increases in
apolipoprotein A concentrations, changes that may precede and lead to
the beneficial effects of walnuts on lipid profile in obese subjects
with the metabolic syndrome(43).
4. Garlic
1,2-vinyldithiin from garlic inhibits differentiation and inflammation of human preadipocytes(44).
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Sources
(a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22443972
(41) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21684138
(42) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19857054
(43) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22075273
(44) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19759245
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