Saturday 30 November 2013

Encephalitis - Treatments In conventional medicine perspective

Encephalitis is defined as a condition of irritation and swelling (inflammation) of the brain, as a result of virus, bacteria and others invasion.

Treatments
A. In conventional medicine perspective
There are no specific medications to treat encephalitis, most common antiviral medication used is acyclovir (Zovirax). Depending to the specific symptoms, the following medication are recommended
1. Acyclovir (Zovirax) -- treats encephalitis against HSV, VZV, and EBV
In the study to tested for activity in vitro against herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2), human and murine cytomegalovirus (HCMV and MCMV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Dr. Kern ER, adn the research team at theUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham shoowed that these compounds [A second generation, the 2,2-bis-hydroxymethyl derivatives, were synthesized, and 18 compounds] were tested for activity in vitro against herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2), human and murine cytomegalovirus (HCMV and MCMV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) are phosphorylated by the ppUL97 phosphotransferase and are potent inhibitors of viral DNA synthesis. These results indicate that at least one of these compounds may have potential for use in treating CMV and other herpesvirus infections in humans(74)

2. Ganciclovir (Cytovene) treats encephalitis agaimst cytomegalovirus and HSV1
In the study to report a case of recurrent cytomegalovirus (CMV) corneal endotheliitis after penetrating keratoplasty, scientists at the  Taipei City Hospital showed that CMV DNA was detected from the excised corneal button, and aqueous humor revealed positive results for CMV and HSV1 by PCR. Confocal microscopy showed large corneal endothelial cells, consistent with the typical owl's eye morphology of CMV endotheliitis. After systemic ganciclovir was administered, the pigmented KPs and coin-shaped lesions gradually decreased(75)

3. Antiepileptic drug -- treat against seizures associated with encephalitis
In the study to pressing need for consistent, evidence-based guidelines in the management of neonatal seizures by pediatric, neurologists and neonatologists, neurologists and neonatologists at the Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine completed a 20-item, self-administered questionnaire on choices of antiepileptic drugs, treatment of intractable neonatal seizures (unremitting seizures after 3 medications), treatment duration, and recommended workup. The responding 36/55 (65%) neurologists and 66/112 (59%) neonatologists made similar  choices (phenobarbital as first line, phenytoin as second line, and benzodiazepines as third line), called for controlled clinical trials to establish protocols for (1) diagnosing neonatal seizures, (2) studying the efficacy and safety of new-generation antiepileptic drugs, and (3) determining optimal duration of drug administration(76).

4. Etc.
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Sources
(74) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15728900
(75) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20037910
(76) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18486824 

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