Friday 29 November 2013

Meningitis - The Diseases associated to

Meningitis is defined as a condition of inflammation of the protective membranes,  covering the brain and spinal cord (meninges). Meningitis, a life threaten disease, can kill and immediate action can and does save lives.(1) Although bacterial meningitis has become an uncommon disease in the developed world. Unfortunately, because of limited economic resources and poor living conditions, many developing countries are still affected by the devastating consequences of this life-threatening systemic infection(2)

Diseases associated
1. Hodgkin's disease
In a report of  a seventy-five-year-old patient was hospitalized because of relapsing feverish confusion episodes with meningitis. and exploration of these episodes disclosed a paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis due to an underlying Hodgkin's disease. The treatment of Hodgkin's disease led to perfect recovery of cognitive function.(9)

2. AIDS
Patient with AIDS are susceptible to
a. Cryptococcal
b. Tuberculous
c. Syphilitic
d. Listeria species
e. Lymphomatous
f. Aseptic
as a result of infections and very low CD4+ lymphocyte counts.(27)

3. Kikuchi's Disease
Kikuchi's disease is an idiopathic illness, typically causing cervical lymphadenopath. Dr. Dr. Mahdad Noursadeghi, Dept. of Infection & Tropical Medicine, Northwick Park Hospital in the study of "Kikuchi's Disease: A Rare Cause of Meningitis?" said that many patients with Kikuchi's disease who present with fever and meningitis will be assessed by infectious disease physicians who will not be aware of the association of Kikuchi's disease with meningitis.(28)

4. Other diseases
In the data collected from medical records of all adult patients with bacterial meningitis admitted to Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung from January 1986 to December 2000, three of the 14 patients with ALD had liver cirrhosis (2 with Child's class B and 1 with Child's class C). The causative pathogens of these 14 cases were Klebsiella pneumoniae in 11, Staphylococcus aureus in 2 and Enterococcus in 1. Diabetes mellitus (DM) was the most common underlying disease and was present in 64% of patients (9/14). All patients with DM had K. pneumoniae as the causative pathogen. Bacteremia and thrombocytopenia were found in 64% (9/14) and 50% (7/14) of the patients, respectively. Focal suppurations including brain abscess, intracranial subdural empyema, and cervical epidural abscess were found in 4 patients. The overall mortality rate was 14% (2/14). ALD accounted for 11.5% (14/122) of the underlying conditions of all adult cases of community-acquired spontaneous bacterial meningitis treated during the study period.(29)
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Sources
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15284663
(2) http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2803%2913693-8/fulltext
(9) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18930300
(27) http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1952165-overview#aw2aab6b3
(28) http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/41/8/e80.full
(29) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9203426 

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