Fainting (Syncope) Preventions - The Do and do not list

Fainting also known as Syncope of "black out" is defined as a condition of sudden loss of consciousness followed by the return to full wakefulness in a short duration as a result of  abnormally low blood pressure. In most cases, it is caused by hypotension, with blood pressure that's lower than 90/60 mmHg.(1). Even though Low blood pressure has mainly been regarded as good health for people who exercise, but recent studies have indicated an association with depression in elderly people. there are epidemiological evidence for an association of low blood pressure with anxiety and depression, which is not caused by cardiovascular disease.(2). In some case, severely low blood pressure can seriously impair adequate blood flow to vital organs and a life-threatening condition called shock.

Preventions

A. Do and do not list
1. Avoid fatigue
  It may be the result of the physiological mechanisms that regulate blood pressure and actually trigger neurally mediated hypotension, because of miscommunication between the heart and the brain which causes blood pressure to lower when it should rise.(29)

2. Anxiety, fear, pain, intense emotional stress, hunger, or use of alcohol or drug
Sometime, you may suffer a simple fainting spell as a result of anxiety, fear, pain, intense emotional stress, hunger, or use of alcohol or drugs. Most people who suffer from simple fainting have no underlying heart or neurological (nerve or brain) problem.(30)

3. Avoid changing positions quickly and standing for long periods of time, always getting up from a sitting or lying-down position slowly by preventing postural hypotension cause of fainting

4. Drink plenty of fluids
At least 8-10 glasses per day is necessary to enhance the blood volume.

5. Aerobic exercise
Aerobic exercise can also help prevent fainting, and strengthening the leg muscles can improve the circulation and helps avoid pooling of blood in the lower part of the body.

6. Sleep with the foot of your bed raised
The position will promote blood flow to the brain and allow the blood trapped in the legs to return to the heart.

7. Avoid Wearing elastic stockings 
As this may cause blood to be trapped in the leg of which reduce blood flow to the brain

8. Medication, such as diuretic, Vasodilators (hydralazine, nitrates, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors may cause the drop of blood pressure excessively

9. Tight clothing around the neck can reduce blood flow to the brain

10. Avoid caffeine
Too much caffeine may cause an arrhythmia(31), a fast or irregular heartbeat of that can lead chest pain, fainting, dizziness, shortness of breath, etc.

11. Etc.
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Sources
(1) http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/hyp/hyp_whatis.html  
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17183016
(29) http://www.ippso-world.org/ppsinfo/articles/bruno/rlb-fainting.html
(30) http://www.webmd.com/brain/understanding-fainting-basics