Sinusitis is defined as a condition of inflammation
of the paranasal sinuses of which can develop headache as a result of
exposure to a cold or flu virus, or an allergic reaction to pollen,
mold, dust or smoke, etc..Sinusitis affects 37 million people each year.
II. Nutritional supplements against sinus headache
Phytochemicals in food have been found to contain vary antioxidants of
which can help not only relieve the symptoms of sinus headache, but also
prevent and treat sinus headache.
1. Antioxidant scavengers (61)
a. Quercetin
Quercetin is a plant-derived flavonoid found in fruits,
vegetables, leaves and grains and studies show that quercetin may have
anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties as a antioxidant, quercetin
scavenges free radicals, which damage cell membranes, cause mutation of
cells with tampering DNA.
b. Rutin
Rutin is a citrus flavonoid glycoside found in buckwheat and glycoside
of the flavonoid quercetin. It inhibits platelet aggregation, decreases
the capillary permeability, makes blood thinner and improves
circulation. As an antioxidant, it can reduce the cytotoxicity of
oxidized LDL cholesterol caused by free radical that lowers the risk of
heart diseases.
c. Vitamin A
Vitamin A occurs in the form retinol and is best known for its function
in maintaining the health of cell membrane, hair, skin, bone, teeth and
eyes. It also plays an important role as an antioxidant as it scavenges
free radicals in the lining of the mouth and lungs; prevents its
depletion in fighting the increased free radicals activity by radiation;
boosts immune system in controlling of free radicals; prevents
oxidation of LDL and enhances the productions of insulin pancreas.
d. Vitamin C
Vitamin C beside plays an important role in formation and maintenance of
body tissues, it as an antioxidant and water soluble vitamin, vitamin C
can be easily carry in blood, operate in much of the part of body. By
restoring vitamin E, it helps to fight against forming of free radicals.
By enhancing the immune system, it promotes against the microbial and
viral and irregular cell growth causes of infection and inflammation.
Vitamin C also is a scavenger in inhibiting pollution cause of oxidation.
e. Vitamin E
Vitamin E is used to refer to a group of fat-soluble compounds that
include both tocopherols and tocotrienols discovered by researchers
Herbert Evans and Katherine Bishop. It beside is important in protecting
muscle weakness, repair damage tissues, lower blood pressure and
inducing blood clotting in healing wound, etc, it also is one of
powerful antioxidant, by moving into the fatty medium to prevent lipid
peroxidation, resulting in lessening the risk of chain reactions by
curtailing them before they can starts.
f. Vitamin D
Reseacher found that vitamin D, a group of fat-soluble secosteroids is
also a membrane antioxidant, with the ability to inhibit iron-dependent
lipid peroxidation in liposomes compared to cholesterol.
2. Luteolin
a. Inflammatory diseases and immune disorders
In the examination of the PRRs recognize
pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or danger-associated
molecular patterns (DAMPs) in regulating the innate and adaptive immune
responses found that TBK1 kinase can be a target for certain flavonoids such as EGCG, luteolin, quercetin, chrysin, and eriodictyol to
regulate TRIF-dependent TLR pathways. This review focuses on the
features of PRR signaling pathways and the therapeutic targets of
intrinsic and extrinsic regulators in order to provide beneficial
strategies for controlling the activity of PRRs and the related
inflammatory diseases and immune disorders, according to “Intrinsic and
extrinsic regulation of innate immune receptors” by Jeong E, Lee JY.(62)
b. Anti-allergic effects
In the analyzing the structure-activity relationships of 45
flavones, flavonols and their related compounds, luteolin, ayanin,
apigenin and fisetin and theirs anti-allergic effects,
found that flavonoids inhibit histamine release, synthesis of IL-4 and
IL-13 and CD40 ligand expression by basophils. were the strongest
inhibitors of IL-4 production with an IC(50) value of 2-5 microM and
determined a fundamental structure for the inhibitory activity. The
inhibitory activity of flavonoids on IL-4 and CD40 ligand expression was
possibly mediated through their inhibitory action on activation of
nuclear factors of activated T cells and AP-1., according to “Flavonoids
and related compounds as anti-allergic substances” by Kawai M, Hirano
T, Higa S, Arimitsu J, Maruta M, Kuwahara Y, Ohkawara T, Hagihara K,
Yamadori T, Shima Y, Ogata A, Kawase I, Tanaka T.(63)
3. Omega 3 fatty acid
a. Antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anticarcinogenic activities
In the examination of the inhibition of inflammation as well as of
cancer formation and growth in the lung and colon in animal models.,
using a tocopherol mixture that is rich in gamma-T (gamma-TmT, which
contains 57%gamma-T), found that when given in the diet at 0.3%,
gamma-TmT inhibited chemically induced lung tumorigenesis in the A/J
mice as well as the growth of human lung cancer cell H1299 xenograft
tumors. gamma-TmT also decreased the levels of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine,
gamma-H2AX, and nitrotyrosine in tumors. More evident anti-inflammatory
and cancer preventive activities of dietary gamma-TmT were demonstrated
in mice treated with azoxymethane and dextran sulfate sodium. These
results demonstrate the antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and
anticarcinogenic activities of tocopherols, according to “Inhibition of
inflammation and carcinogenesis in the lung and colon by tocopherols” by
Yang CS, Lu G, Ju J, Li GX.(64)
b. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities
In the investigation of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions of
tocopherols in mice and determination of whether the nuclear factor
(erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is involved in these activities,
indicated that the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of γ-TmT
in the colon are mostly due to the direct action of tocopherols in
trapping reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, independent of the
antioxidant enzymes and anti-inflammatory proteins that are regulated by
Nrf2; however, Nrf2 knockout appears to affect the serum levels of
tocopherol metabolites, according to “The antioxidant and
anti-inflammatory activities of tocopherols are independent of Nrf2 in
mice” by Li G, Lee MJ, Liu AB, Yang Z, Lin Y, Shih WJ, Yang CS.(65)
4. Allyl sulfides (66)
a. Irregular cells growthIn a study of “Allyl sulfides modify cell
growth.” by Knowles LM, Milner JA. In response to Extensive evidence
points to the ability of allyl sulfides from garlic to suppress tumor
proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. researchers found that Allyl
sulfides are also recognized for their ability to suppress cellular
proliferation by blocking cells in the G2/M phase and by the induction
of apoptosis. This increase in the G2/M and apoptotic cell populations
correlates with depressed p34cdc2 kinase activity, increased histone
acetylation, increased intracellular calcium and elevated cellular
peroxide production. While impressive pre-clinical data exist about the
antineoplastic effects of allyl sulfur compounds, considerably more
attention needs to be given to their effects in humans. The composition
of the entire diet and a host of genetic/epigenetic factors will likely
determine the true benefits that might arise from allyl sulfur compounds
from garlic and other Allium foods.
b. Immune system
According to the article of “GARLICTHE BOUNTIFUL BULB” by Carmia Borek,
Ph.D. posted in Life extension magazine, the author indicated that human
studies confirm immune stimulation by garlic. Subjects receiving aged
garlic extract at 1800 mg a day for three weeks showed a 155.5% increase
in natural killer immune cell activity that kills invaders and cancer
cells. Other subjects receiving large amounts of fresh garlic of 35g a
day, equivalent to 10 cloves, showed an increase of 139.9%. In six
weeks, patients with AIDS receiving aged garlic extract showed an
enhancement of natural killer cells from a seriously low level to a
normal level.
c. Antioxidant against oxidation
According to the study of ” Antioxidant Health Effects of Aged Garlic
Extract” by Carmia Borek, posted in (Journal of Nutrition.
2001;131:1010S-1015S.)© 2001 The American Society for Nutritional
Sciences, researcher found that AGE contains a wide range of
antioxidants that can act in synergistic or additive fashion and protect
cells against oxidative damage, thus helping to lower the risk of heart
disease, stroke, cancer and Alzheimer’s disease and protect against
toxic, tissue-damaging effects of ROS-producing radiation, including UV
light, drugs used in therapy and chemicals in the environment and
industry.
5. Etc.
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Sources
(61) http://medicaladvisorjournals.blogspot.ca/2012/01/antioxidants-and-common-free-radical.html
(62) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21488180
(63) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17384531
(64) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20716280
(65) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22226829
No comments:
Post a Comment