Moronic acid is a phytochemincal in the subclass of Triterpenoid, belonging to the group of Terpenes found in extracted from Rhus javanica, Mistletoe, etc.
Health Benefits
1. HIV maturation inhibitor
In
the study of triterpene derivatives as potent anti-HIV agents,
different C-3 conformationally restricted betulinic acid (BA, 1)
derivatives were designed and synthesized in order to explore the
conformational space of the C-3 pharmacophore.
3-O-Monomethylsuccinyl-betulinic acid (MSB) analogues were also designed
to better understand the contribution of the C-3' dimethyl group of
bevirimat (2), the first-in-class HIV maturation inhibitor, which is
currently in phase IIb clinical trials. In addition, another triterpene
skeleton, moronic acid
(MA, 3), was also employed to study the influence of the backbone and
the C-3 modification toward the anti-HIV activity of this compound
class, may lead to led to the design and synthesis of compound 12
(EC(50): 0.0006 microM), which displayed slightly better activity than 2
as a HIV-1 maturation inhibitor, according to " Anti-AIDS agents 81. Design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationship study of betulinic acid and moronic acid derivatives as potent HIV maturation inhibitors" by Qian K, Kuo RY, Chen CH, Huang L, Morris-Natschke SL, Lee KH.(1)
2. Anti- Epstein-Barr virus
In the investigation of moronic acid,
found in galls of Rhus chinensis and Brazilian propolis, at 10microM
inhibits the expression of Rta, Zta, and an EBV early protein, EA-D,
after lytic induction with sodium butyrate, found that moronic acids
inhibits the capacity of Rta to activate a promoter that contains an
Rta-response element, indicating that moronic acid interferes with the function of Rta. On the other hand, moronic acid does not appear to influence with the transactivation function of Zta. Therefore, the lack of expression of Zta and EA-D after moronic acid
treatment is attributable to the inhibition of the transactivation
functions of Rta. Because the expression of Zta, EA-D and many EBV lytic
genes depends on Rta, the treatment of P3HR1 cells with moronic acid substantially reduces the numbers of EBV particles produced by the cells after lytic induction, according to "Inhibition of the Epstein-Barr virus lytic cycle by moronic acid" by Chang FR, Hsieh YC, Chang YF, Lee KH, Wu YC, Chang LK.(2)
3. Anti fungal effects
In
the determination of The effect of compound isolated from ethanol
extract from Xyris pteygoblephara aerial parts against five
microorganism strains, by the microdilution and agar diffusion methods,
indicated that assay of 1 (100 microg/disc) by the agar diffusion
method against clinical isolates of the dermatophytes Epidermophyton
floccosum (inhibition zone, mm+/-s.d.: 4.5+/-0.8), Trichophyton
mentagrophytes (4.8+/-0.4) and Trichophyton rubrum (10.2+/-0.8)
revealed similar inhibition zones to the positive control amphotericin B
(32 microg/disc; 5.0+/-0.2; 5.0+/-0.6 and 8.8+/-1.2, respectively),
according to "Dihydroisocoumarin from Xyris pterygoblephara active against dermatophyte fungi" by Guimarães KG, de Souza Filho JD, Dos Mares-Guia TR, Braga FC.(3)
4. Cytotoxic activity
In the isolation of the cytotoxic compound moronic acid
(1) and the new tetracyclic triterpene
3,4-seco-olean-18-ene-3,28-dioic acid (2), from the aerial parts of
the medicinal plant Phoradendron reichenbachianum (mistletoe,
Loranthaceae) through a bioassay-guided fractionation, indicated that
the structures were elucidated on the basis of chemical and
spectroscopic evidence, according to "Cytotoxic activity of moronic acid and identification of the new triterpene 3,4-seco-olean-18-ene-3,28-dioic acid from Phoradendron reichenbachianum`by Rios MY, Salina D, Villarreal ML.(4)
5. Antimicrobial activity
In the isolation of the active factor C30H46O3 of the Root bark extract of the East African medicinal plant Ozoroa mucronata showed antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, according to "Moronic acid, a simple triterpenoid keto acid with antimicrobial activity isolated from Ozoroa mucronata" by Hostettmann-Kaldas M, Nakanishi K.(5)
6. Anti-herpes simplex virus
In the study of purification two major anti-HSV compounds, moronic acid
and betulonic acid, from the herbal extract by extraction with ethyl
acetate at pH 10 followed by chromatographic separations and examined
their anti-HSV activity in vitro and in vivo, found that Moronic acid
suppressed virus yields in the brain more efficiently than those in
the skin. This was consistent with the prolongation of mean survival
times. Thus, moronic acid
was purified as a major anti-HSV compound from the herbal extract of
Rhus javanica. Mode of the anti-HSV activity was different from that of
ACV, according to "Anti-herpes simplex virus activity of moronic acid purified from Rhus javanica in vitro and in vivo" by Kurokawa M, Basnet P, Ohsugi M, Hozumi T, Kadota S, Namba T, Kawana T, Shiraki K.(6)
7. Etc.
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Sources
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20329730
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19969023
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17870137
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11488459
(5) https://www.thieme-connect.com/ejournals/abstract/plantamedica/doi/10.1055/s-0028-1097349
(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10086989
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