Matairesinol is a phytochemical in the class of Lignans (phytoestrogens), found abundantly in flax seed, sesame seed, rye bran, strawberries, blackcurrants, broccoli, etc.
Health Benefits
1. Lowering vascular inflammation and endothelial dysfunction
in
the investigation of whether dietary intake of plant lignans in a
free-living populationassociated with markers of vascular inflammation
and function, found that Plasma concentrations of sICAM-1 (whole
sample) significantly decreased (mean (95%CI) = 358 microg/L (320-401),
276 microg/L (252-303), 298 microg/L (271-326), and 269 microg/L
(239-303), P per trend 0.013) and FMD values (FMD sub-group)
significantly increased (4.1% (2.2-6.0), 5.7% (4.3-7.2), 6.4%
(4.9-7.8), and 8.1% (6.3-10.0), P per trend 0.016) across quartiles of
energy-adjusted MAT intake, even after adjustment for relevant clinical
and dietary variables. Intake of SECO was also inversely related to
plasma sICAM-1 (P per trend 0.018), but not to FMD values, according to
"Intake of the plant lignans matairesinol,
secoisolariciresinol, pinoresinol, and lariciresinol in relation to
vascular inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in middle age-elderly
men and post-menopausal women living in Northern Italy" by Pellegrini N, Valtueña S, Ardigò D, Brighenti F, Franzini L, Del Rio D, Scazzina F, Piatti PM, Zavaroni I.(1)
2. Breast cancer
In
the investigation of usual dietary intakes of total and specific
lignans with tumor characteristics in 683 women with breast cancer and
611 healthy women without breast cancer enrolled in the Data Bank and
BioRepository at Roswell Park Cancer Institute (RPCI), wrote that
there were significant differences in the contribution to these effects by specific lignans, especially matairesinol
and lariciresinol. In summary, in this case-control study of dietary
lignan intakes and breast cancer, we found that higher lignan intakes
were associated with lower risks of breast cancer with more favorable
prognostic characteristics. Future investigations are warranted to
explore the strong associations observed with ER(-) cancer in
premenopausal women, according to "Dietary intakes of total and specific lignans are associated with clinical breast tumor characteristics" by McCann SE, Hootman KC, Weaver AM, Thompson LU, Morrison C, Hwang H, Edge SB, Ambrosone CB, Horvath PJ, Kulkarni SA.(2)
3. Immunomodulatory effect
In the investigation of the immunomodulatory effects of (-)-matairesinol
in vivo and ex vivo by using mice, found that the immunoglobulin
produced by lymphocytes from the spleen was not activated by the intake
of (-)-matairesinol.
However, lymphocytes in such gut-associated lymphatic tissues as
Peyer's patches and mesenteric lymph nodes were activated by the
administration of (-)-matairesinol, according to "Immunomodulatory effect of (--)-matairesinol in vivo and ex vivo" by Yamawaki M, Nishi K, Nishimoto S, Yamauchi S, Akiyama K, Kishida T, Maruyama M, Nishiwaki H, Sugahara T.(3)
4. Cardiovascular healthIn
the assessment of the association of phytoestrogens and risk markers
of cardiovascular diseases in postmenopausal women, found that the
intake of matairesinol
and secoisolaiciresinol (SILR) (mean±SD, mg/day) were 0.022±0.006 and
7.30±3.28 respectively. The total phytoestrogens (r=-0.19, p=0.03) and
SILR, one specific type of lignans (r=-0.19, p=0.04) consumption in
this study were inversely significantly associated with serum glucose
level. The dietary formononetin, one specific type of isoflavones was
negatively significantly associated with LDL-cholesterol (r=-0.18,
p=0.04). There was no significant relationship found between
phytoestrogen intake and serum homocysteine level (r=-0.11, p=0.23).
Phytoestrogens containing food intake should be encouraged for reducing
risk markers of cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women,
according to "Phytoestrogen intake and cardiovascular risk markers in Bangladeshi postmenopausal women" by Saleh F, Afnan F, Ara F, Yasmin S, Nahar K, Khatun F, Ali L.(4)
5. Antimicrobiological activity
In
the study of the effect of oxidation degree at the benzylic position of
2,3-dibenzyl-4-butanolide and 3,4-dibenzyltetrahydrofuran lignans on
the antimicrobiological activity, found that he highest oxidation
degree at the benzylic position of 2,3-dibenzyl-4-butanolide gave the
greatest activity, and 3,4-dibenzoyltetrahydrofuran showed the highest
antifungal activity. The relationship between stereochemistry and
activity was also examined. Both enantiomers of cis-matairesinol were synthesized for the first time, one of the cis-matairesinols showing antibacterial activity, according to "Antimicrobiological
activity of lignan: effect of benzylic oxygen and stereochemistry of
2,3-dibenzyl-4-butanolide and 3,4-dibenzyltetrahydrofuran lignans on
activity" by Akiyama K, Maruyama M, Yamauchi S, Nakashima Y, Nakato T, Tago R, Sugahara T, Kishida T, Koba Y.(5)
6. Antiasthmatic effects
In
the investigation of the effects on the immediate-phase response (IAR)
and late-phase response (LAR) following aerosolized-ovalbumin challenge
in ovalbumin-sensitized guinea-pigs by measuring the specific airway
resistance (sRaw), recruitment of leukocytes and chemical mediators in
the bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) as well as a
histopathological survey,
found that Arctiin and matairesinol
at 12.5 mg/kg significantly (p < 0.05) decreased sRaw by 51.83% and
43.15% in IAR and by 47.41% and 35.43% in LAR, respectively, whereas
arctigenin at 25 mg/kg was significantly active, compared with the
controls. Furthermore, arctiin and arctigenin dose-dependently inhibited
histamine, and the activities of phospholipase A₂ (PLA₂) and
eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) in BALF, respectively, whereas matairesinol
inhibited EPO and PLA₂ at 12.5 mg/kg and histamine at 50 mg/kg, in
addition, they moderately improved the infiltration of eosinophils,
compared with controls. Dexamethasone, cromolyn and salbutamol
significantly inhibited sRaw in both IAR and LAR, and the recruitment of
leukocytes and chemical mediators, whereas salbutamol did not alter
chemical mediators, in BALF, according to "Antiasthmatic
action of dibenzylbutyrolactone lignans from fruits of Forsythia
viridissima on asthmatic responses to ovalbumin challenge in conscious
guinea-pigs" by Lee JH, Lee JY, Kim TD, Kim CJ.(6)
7. Bone density
In
the investigation of the association between habitual phyto-oestrogen
intake and broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) of the calcanaeum as a
marker of bone density, we collected 7 d records of diet, medical
history and demographic and anthropometric data from participants (aged
45-75 years) in the European Prospective Investigation into
Cancer-Norfolk study. Phyto-oestrogen (biochanin A, daidzein,
formononetin; genistein, glycitein; matairesinol;
secoisolariciresinol; enterolactone; equol) intake was determined using
a newly developed food composition database, found that non-soya
isoflavones are associated with bone density independent of Ca, whereas
the association with soya or soya isoflavones is affected by dietary
Ca, according to "Association between dietary phyto-oestrogens and bone density in men and postmenopausal women" by Kuhnle GG, Ward HA, Vogiatzoglou A, Luben RN, Mulligan A, Wareham NJ, Forouhi NG, Khaw KT.(7)
8. Anti cancer
In the investigation of AP9-cd, a synergistic lignan mixture from Cedrus deodara (Pinaceae) consisting of (-)-wikstromal, (-)-matairesinol
and dibenzyl butyrolactol, depicted cytotoxic effects on mechanism of
cell death in human cancer cells, found that surface ultrastructural
studies of four different tumor cell lines (Molt-4, HL-60, PC-3 and
A-549) treated with AP9-cd depicted loss of surface projections,
condensation and formation of apoptotic bodies. AP9-cd treatment to
transgenic fruit fly, Drosophila, carrying human adenomatous polpyposis
coli (hAPC) gene enhanced eye phenotypes and therefore may inhibit
Wnt/Wg pathway which is important in the aetiology of a number of human
cancers, according to "Induction of apoptosis by a synergistic lignan composition from Cedrus deodara in human cancer cells" by Sharma PR, Shanmugavel M, Saxena AK, Qazi GN.(8)
9. Free radical scavengers
In the examination of the radical and superoxide scavenging activities of oxidized matairesinols,
indicated
that the superoxide scavenging activity of the oxidized matairesinols
was also demonstrated for the first time. It is assumed that the pKa
value of phenol in the oxidized matairesinols affected this activity, according to "Radical and superoxide scavenging activities of matairesinol and oxidized matairesinol" by Yamauchi S, Sugahara T, Nakashima Y, Okada A, Akiyama K, Kishida T, Maruyama M, Masuda T.(9)
10. Coronary heart disease (CHD), cardiovascular diseases (CVD), cancer, and all-cause mortality
In the assessment of whether the intakes of 4 plant lignans (lariciresinol, pinoresinol, secoisolariciresinol, and matairesinol)
were inversely associated with coronary heart disease (CHD),
cardiovascular diseases (CVD), cancer, and all-cause mortality, found
that total lignan intake was not associated with mortality. The intake
of matairesinol
was inversely associated with mortality due to CHD, CVD, cancer, and
all causes. We cannot exclude the possibility that the inverse
association between matairesinol intake and mortality is due to an associated factor, such as wine consumption, according to "Intakes of 4 dietary lignans and cause-specific and all-cause mortality in the Zutphen Elderly Study" by Milder IE, Feskens EJ, Arts IC, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Hollman PC, Kromhout D.(10)
11. Etc.
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Sources
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19361969
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22113872
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21597179
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21522091
(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17617715
(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20734328
(7) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21736835
(8) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19067377
(9) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16926506
(10) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16895890
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