Conventional medicine plays an important role in treating all kinds of
disease and most of the time is the first treatment for a couple who for
what ever reason cam not conceive after 1 year of unprotected sexual
intercourse or can not carry the pregnancy to full term. Immune system
plays an important role in protect our body against forming of free
radicals and bacteria and virus, but for what ever reasons, sometime the
immune system attack sperm in the women reproductive organs or sperm in
the testes in men, leading to infertility In this article, we will
discuss how anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) affects fertility in
conventional perspective.
1. Definition
Antinuclear
antibody is defined as specific class of auto antibodies that have the
ability to attack structures in the nucleus of cells instead of
performing the normal antibody function. It can be detected through
blood sample withdrawn from the patient vein.
2. Causes
a) Infection and inflammation
Infection
and inflammation caused by bacteria or virus speeding up the body
immune system function, but in some cases, bacteria and virus induce the
immune system to produce antibodies which directed against the tissues
of the body including antinuclear antibody.
b) Medication
i) Phenytoin
Pheytoin
may increase the risk of production of antinuclear antibody, leading to
increasing the risk of malformations and birth defects.
ii) Antibotics
Long
term uses of antibody may increase the rick of the production of
antinuclear antibody as the medication causes abnormal reaction to the
immune system.
iii) Methyldopa
The medication is used to dilate
blood vessels for treating high blood pressure, but long term use of
this type of medication may decrease the risk of immune disorder in
production of antinuclear antibody.
c) Aging
As we age, the levels
of antinuclear antibody increases and in some older adults (5% to 40%)
may have mildly elevated levels caused by weakening immune function.
d) Diseases
Some
diseases such as lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis may also
increase the rick of the production of antinuclear antibody.
3. How antinuclear antibody effects infertility
Under
normal conditions, when a woman becomes pregnant, the white blood cells
in her uterus produce protective, blocking antibodies. In case of
antinuclear antibody, the white blood cells recognize the fetus as a
foreign invasion and attack it, leading to miscarriage.
4. Treatment
a) Heparin
Heparin
is a member of anticoagulants,it is a purified preparation derived from
animal tissue. It helps to increase the blood in transportation of
nutrients to the reproductive organs leading to high chance of fertility
and lessening the risk of pregnancy loss.
b) Aspirin
Aspirin is
an anti-inflammatory and blood thinner agent, it helps to increase the
blood circulating to the reproductive organs, thereby reducing the risk
of antinuclear antibody attacking the fetus or the women reproductive
tissues. It is recommendation to take 80 mg per day, which is equivalent
to a baby aspirin. if necessary.
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