Osteoporosis is defined as a condition of thinning
of bone and bone tissues as a result of the loss of bone density over a
long period of time.
V. Treatments
A. In conventional medicine perspective
A.1. Bisphosphonates
1. Including Alendronate (Fosamax), Risedronate (Actonel, Atelvia),
Ibandronate (Boniva), Zoledronic acid (Reclast, Zometa), etc.. Bisphosphonates
are antiresorptive medications widely prescribed for treating
osteoporosis. In placebo-controlled clinical trials they have been shown
to significantly reduce the risk of osteoporotic fractures(36).
Others suggested that Because bisphosphonate accumulate in bone and
provide some residual antifracture reduction when treatment is stopped,
we recommend a drug holiday after 5-10 yr of bisphosphonate treatment.
The duration of treatment and length of the holiday are based on
fracture risk and pharmacokinetics of the bisphosphonate used. Patients
at mild risk might stop treatment after 5 yr and remain off as long as
bone mineral density is stable and no fractures occur. Higher risk
patients should be treated for 10 yr, have a holiday of no more than a
year or two, and perhaps be on a nonbisphosphonate treatment during that
time(37).
2. Side effects
a. Nausea
b. Abdominal pain
c. Difficulty swallowing
d. Rrisk of an inflamed esophagus or esophageal ulcers(38)
e. Risk of scleritis and a variety of ocular side effects(39)
f. Etc.
2. Hormone-related therapy
Hormone replacement therapy can help to maintain bone density for menopause women, but it increases
a, The risk of breast cancer and heart disease(40)
b. The risk for venous thromboembolism(41)
c. The risk of (Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers) NMSC.(42)
d. The risk of stroke(43)
e. etc.
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Sources
(a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7864688
(37) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20173017
(38) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23137577
(39) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14702129
(40) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20424287
(41) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19811247
(42) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22215431
(43) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21612355
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