Kaposi's sarcoma
Kaposi's sarcoma is a cancerous tumor of the
connective tissue caused by human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8), and is often
associated with AIDS, leading to red or purple bumps of abnormal tissue
to grow under the skin, in the lining of the mouth, face, torso or limb
in a short rime. In fact, it is most commonly appear in the skin, the
lining of the digestive tract or the lung and in men more often than in
women. Kaposi' sarcoma tends to develop slowly, but in HIV/AIDS
patients, though, the disease is aggressive and spread quickly. Kaposi'
carcoma can be life threatening, if the cancer invades the to other
organs, such as in lung, it can cause difficulty of breathing and in
in liver or digestive tract, it can cause internal bleeding.
Types of Kaposi' sarcoma1. Classic/Mediterranean Kaposi' sarcoma
Classic
Kaposi' sarcome is rare cancer developed more common in older men of
Mediterranean, Middle Eastern or Jewish descent as it forms one or more
lesions on the legs, ankles, or the soles of the feet. The classic
Koposi' sarcoma is a slower growth type of cancer because of the
progression without weaken immune system and many early diagnosis do not
require treatment.
2. Endemic (African) Kaposi sarcoma
Endemic
KS is found in parts of Africa due to human herpes virus 8 or
herpesvirus infection is more common. It develops more quickly affect
men, women and children of all ages, but tends to occur in younger men
under age 40.
3. Iatrogenic/transplant-associated Kaposi sarcoma
In
this case, Iatrogenic/transplant-associated Kaposi sarcoma occurs to
patient with infection of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV)
due to medication used to suppress the immune system of the body from
rejecting the donated organ in transplant, leading to the increased risk
of development of the disease.
4. Kaposi sarcoma in HIV negative men having sex with men
Recently
report from the above study from Department of Dermatology, Cochin
Hospital, APHP, Faculté de Médecine René Descartes, Paris, France,
indicated that Kaposi's sarcoma may develop in homosexual or bisexual
men without HIV infection. This type of Kaposi's sarcoma has clinical
features in common with classical Kaposi's sarcoma but occurs in younger
patients.
5. Epidemic/AIDS-related Kaposi sarcoma
Epidemic/AIDS-related
Kaposi sarcoma is a common type of Kaposi's in The US occurred in the
people with HIV infection cause of weakening or damaging of the immune
system. The risk of developing KS is depended to the CD4 count. If the
CD4 count is lower, the higher the risk of developing Kaposi's sarcoma.
Symptoms
1. Unexplained weight loss
Any Unintentional weight loss of over 10%
2. Swollen lymph nodes
Due to damage of lymph nodes cause of fluid building up
3. Fever
Sometime it will accompany with fever due to infection
4. Purple, red, or brown blotches or tumors on the skin
Due to blood vessels concentration.
5. Cough and shortness of breath
As the result of the disease have spread to the lung
6. Bleeding from gastrointestinal lesions
As a result of the disease has spread to the gastrointestinal tract
7. Anemia
As a result of internal bleeding
8. Vomiting
Due to the disease has invaded the digestive system.
9. Etc.
Causes and risk factors
1. Sexual Preferences
Homosexual and bisexual males are increased risk of the disease
2. Age
Male
between age of 20 - 60 with sexual preferences mentioned above is at
high risk of Kaposi's sarcoma, and elder man with weakened immune system
is at increased risk of Kaposi' sarcoma.
3. HIV and AID
People infected with HIV and AID have a weakened the immune system and increased risk of developing Kaposi's sarcoma
4. Gender
Kaposi' sarcoma occurs more often in men than in women.
5. Ethic background
while
classic Kaposi' sarcoma is more likely to develop in older men of
Mediterranean, Middle Eastern or Jewish descent, epidemic/AIDS-related
Kaposi sarcoma is a common in The US.
6. Etc.
Diagnosis and Test1. Biopsy
Biopsy
is the medical procedure of withdawing removing a skin lesion effected
area and vitualize under microsocpe by a pathologist to review nature of
the tumors and determine types of cancerous cells by a thin needle by
either punch or excisional biopsy.
2. Chest x-ray
A chest
X-ray radiograph (X-ray) is impotant for your doctor to visualize
tissues, organs and bones that lie beneath the skin of the chest cavity
to see if cancer has spread to the lung.
3. Bronchoscopy
In
case of patient having a symptoms of shortness of breath or other
related to lung symptoms, Bronchosoly may be used to look into the lungs
to check for anf lesion of Kaposi' sarcome by using general anesthesia
and a tiny, fexible instrument with light inserted through the throat
down into the lung.
4. Gastrointestinal endoscopy
In case there is
gastrointestinal or related symptoms, gastrointestinal endoscopy is
used to determine the nature of the tumors depending to the locations
a. Upper endoscopy
It
is a procedure with the use of an endoscopy inserted into mouth to
examine the esophagus and the stomach with the help of anesthesia and
withdrawn sample by small instrument.
b. Capsule endoscopy
If
symptoms are intestine related, capsule endoscopy is helpful by
introduce a capsule with light and a camera to the intestine as the
patient swalow it. As it travels through the small intestine (it may
taken sometime), it takes thousands of pictures which will be viewed by
the doctor from a computer.
5. Etc.
Stages of Kaposi's sarcoma
There is no stage in classifying Kasopi's sarcoma but grouped into 5 types of the disease.
Preventions
A. How to void
1. Sexual preference
Men
with sexual preference such as homosexual and bisexual preference
should practice sex safety to protect against infected HIV or AID virus.
2. Alcohol
Excessive drink can damage liver and suppress immune system function in fighting again infection caused by virus.
3. Get enough nutrients
Nutrients deficiency weakens the Immune system.
4. Toxins
Accumulated toxins over s prolonged period of time can increase the risk of suppression of immune system.
5. Obesity
Obesity can affect the function of white blood cells to produce anti-body and cause a depressed immune system.
6. Over dose of sugar
Study in 1973 showed that found that drinking Eating or drinking 100 grams (8 tbsp) of sugar suppresses the immune system.
B. Diet
Improve immine system is one the best way to prevent against infected by human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) and Kaposi's sarcoma
1. Citrus fruits
Citrus
contains high amount of vitamin C, the essential vitamin in boosting
immune system but also one of the free radical scavenger and vitamin A
persursor.
2. Garlic
Garlic is best known to contain to
contain high amount of sulfur and antxidants that not only enhance the
immune system but also immune system booster by activating the
anti-microbial property infighting against bacteria, viruses, fungi and
parasites.
3. Cranberries .
Phytochemicals in canberry under
active research for possible benefits immune system, and as anti-cancer
agents. Flavonoids found abundat in cranberry, inhibit cander cell in
vitro study.
4. Omega 3 fatty acid
Several studies showed that
Omega 3 inhibits cancer cells of in certain cancer cells, including
breast, prostate, colon cancer cells, etc. Others studies also indicated
that benefit cancer patients, improving appetite, weight, and quality
of life.
5. Honey
In some studies, Antioxidants in honey
have even been associated with reducing the damage done to the colon in
colon inflamation diseases. Other study found that particular type of
honey may be useful in treating Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus
aureus infections. Honey also contain antimicobrial agent because of low
water activity causing osmosis, hydrogen peroxide effect and high
acidity.
6. Etc.
C. Nutritional Supplement
1. Vitamin C
Vitamin
C increases raised the concentration in the blood of IgA (Ig is an
abbrevlatlonfor immunoglobulin), IgM, and the C3
complementcomponent-three key members of the immune system in fighting
against foreiger invasion such as bacteria and virus. It is also a
powerful antioxidant in scavenging free radicals thus stopping the
oxidated damage to the cells DNA.
2. Vitamin E
Another
free redical scangering antioxidant and immune booster by producing the
protein, interleukin-2, that fights and kills bacteria and viruses in
your body.
3. Vitamin E
Vitamin E beside is a powerful
antioxidant, it also enhances the rpoduction of B cells guarding our
body against foreigner invasion.
4. Beta Carotene
Beta
carotene is only another antioxidant, but enhance the production of
B-cells in fighting against cancerous cells. An article in the American
Journal of Clinical Nutrition (August 1997) showed that increased
consumption of beta carotene reduces risk of cancer, inhibits early
stages of carcinogenesis, and reduces the risk of cancer in experimental
animal models.
5. Bioflavenoids or Flavonoids
Flavonoids found abundat in cranberry, inhibit cander cell in vitro study.
6. Zinc
Zinc,
as a antioxidant is essential mineral in ading immune system by
enhancing the proper function of T cells which belong to a group of
white blood cells known as lymphocytes, in fighting against damaging
free radicals. Zinc supplements have been shown to slow the growth of
cancer.
7. Selenium
Selenium is one of the
powerful antioxidant. In the extracellular space, it helps to influence
immune processes by proliferating the response to mitogen, and
macrophages, leukotriene.
8. Etc.
Treatments
A. In conventional medicine
The
aims of the treatments are to control the disease condition and reduce
symtoms due to the nature of arising from or occurring to many locations
of Kaposi's sarcoma, depending to the severity of immune deficiency.
1. Radiotherapy
a.
Radiation may be used to kill any cancer cells and keep them from
growing or regrowing in the body. By using high-energy x-rays or other
types of radiation. In Kaposi' sarcoma, lesions of are respond well to
radiotherapy treatment even with small dose.
b. Side effects
b.1. Fatigue
b. 2.Chest pain
b.3. Heart problem
b.4. Short of breath
b.5. Skin discoloration or pinkness, irritation
b.6. Etc.
2. Chemotherapy
a.
Chemotherapy is most used to treat with advance stage of cancer
combined with radio therapy, as it has spread to a distant parts of the
body by using drugs taken by mouth or injected into a vein or muscle of
the patient to stop the growth of or to kill cancer cells. In Koposi's
sarcoma, many drugs have been used such as vinblastine, vincristine,
bleomycin, etc. but it is very difficult to give adequate dose because
of immune suppression.
b. Side effects
b.1. Nausea
b.2. Vomiting
b.3. Hair loss
b.4. Fatigue
b.5. Anemia
b.6. Mouth sores taste and smell changes
b.7. Infection
b.8. Etc.
3. Biological therapy
a.
By enhancing the body's own immune or hormonal system to kill cancer
cells, while leaving healthy cells relatively intact with the use of
antibodies to attack cancer cells or block their activities or
interrupting the hormonal or chemical pathways of the cancers with
certain biological agents. In Kapois' sarcoma, the agent modifier
alpha-interferon, has been used with good respond to patience with less
severe immune suppressive condition.
b. Side effects
1. Allergic reactions
b. 2. Difficulty breathing, swelling
b. 3. Nausea
b.4. Fever or chills
b.5. Dizziness and fatigue
b.6. Etc.
4. Etc.
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