Chi Shao or Chi Shao Yao is also known as Red
Peony Root, the bitter, sour and cool herb has been used in TCM to
anti-spastic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antibiotic,
anticonvulsant, analgesic, sedative agnet and to lower blood pressure,
dilate peripheral blood vessels, coronary arteries, treat viral
hepatitis, chronic constipation, asthma, whooping coughs, diabetes,
etc., as it clears Heat, cools Blood, eliminates Blood accumulation,
calms paindilates, etc., by enhancing the functions of liver and spleen
channels.
Ingredients
1. Essential oil
2. Resin
3. Paeoniflorin
4. Paeonol
5. Paeonin
6. Albiflorin
7. Triterpenoids
8. Sistosterol
9. Oxypaeoniflorin
10. Benzoylpaeoniflorin
11. Benzoic acid
12. β sitosterol
13. Gallotannin
14. Pedunculagin
15. 1-O-Galloylpedunculagin
16. Eugeniin
17. Tannin acid
18. Etc.
Health Benefits
1. Abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism
In the investigation of a new formula, TZQ-F including 8 fractions isolated from Red Paeony root, Mulberry leaf, Lotus leaf, Danshen root and Hawthorn leaf with a good quality assurance, based on the recipe of the traditional anti-diabetic formula TZQ, found that among the 8 fractions, three of them had inhibition effects on intestinal disaccharase, three with inhibition effects on lipase, and five with effects of free radical scavenging. In vivo study showed that after 4 weeks of treatment, TZQ-F significantly decreased the levels of serum total cholesterol, TG, glucose, LDL-C and HDL-C in rats on high-fat diet, according to “Regulation effects on abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism of TZQ-F, a new kind of Traditional Chinese Medicine” by Tao W, Deqin Z, Yuhong L, Hong L, Zhanbiao L, Chunfeng Z, Limin H, Xiumei G.(1) 2. Insulin resistance
In the investigation of the pathological changes of blood glucose, serum lipid, insulin resistance, liver function, liver cell denaturalization of total glucosides of paeony on nonalcoholic fatty liver rats caused by insulin resistance and discuss the acting mechanism, found that total glucosides of paeony may protect liver function and modulate serum lipid for the fatty liver rats caused by insulin resistance, and its action mechanism may be concerned with enhancing insulin sensitivity and antioxidative ability, decreasing serum lipid, according to “[Effects of total glucosides of paeony on enhancing insulin sensitivity and antagonizing nonalcoholic fatty liver in rats].[Article in Chinese]” by Zheng LY, Pan JQ, Lv JH.(2)
3. Acute pancreatitis
In the comparison of the therapeutic effects of red peony root decoction, a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine, and rhubarb in treating severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), found that The durations of abdominal tenderness, fever and abdominal distension in the treatment group were less than those in the control group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the time length for antibiotics (including anti-bacteria drug and antifungal agent) use, nasojejunal feeding start, nasojejunal feeding, gastrointestinal decompression, fasting diet, hospital stays and hospitalization costs were decreased in the treatment group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences between the two groups in enzyme inhibitor and protease inhibitor requirement, mortality and adverse reactions, according to “[Red peony root decoction in treatment of severe acute pancreatitis: a randomized controlled trial].[Article in Chinese]” by Zhang M, Zhu DZ, Li ZS, Zhan XB.(3)
4. Blood stasis Syndrome (NH-BS)
In the evaluation of the effect of red peony root (RPR) on serum proteome in rat suffering from noxious heat with blood stasis Syndrome (NH-BS), found that (1) Serum of rats with LPS induced NH-BS showed significant changes in volume of serum protein (xPr) in 13 points on 2DE collagen, the volume of xPr 16 and 19 were significantly lower, volume of xPr 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12 and 23 were significantly higher respectively, as compared with those in the normal control group. (2) After being treated with RPR, the increased volume of xPr 1, 2, 3, 4 and 9 significantly decreased, and the decreased xPr 16 significantly increased, with xPr 2, 3 restored to normal level but the xPr16 still lower and xPr 1, 4, 9 higher than those in the normal group. RPR showed interaction with LPS on xPr 1, 3, 9, and 16. (3) For xPr 19, the interaction of RPR with LPS might be synergistic. (4) In the group treated with RPR, volumes of xPr 13 and 14 were significantly higher and those of 15, 17 were significantly lower than those in the normal group respectively, but the similar changes didn’t found in the LPS group, according to “[Preliminary study on change of serum proteome in noxious heat blood stasis syndrome treated by radix Paeoniae rubra].[Article in Chinese]” by Xie WG, Ma XC, Shao NS.(4)
5. Mid-advanced crescentic nephritis (MACN)
In the evaluation of the therapeutic effect of integrative Chinese and Western medicine in treating mid-advanced crescentic nephritis (MACN), found that Decoction of Qingre Huoxue recipe (QHR), consisted of oldenlandia herb 30 g, honey-suckle stem 30 g, violet herb 30 g, red peony root 15 g, rehmannia root 15 g, solomonseal rhizome 15 g, asiabell root 30 g, red sage root 30 g, prepared rhubarb 12 g and giant-hyssop herb 12 g, were additionally given one dose per day to patients in the treated group. The renal function, improvement of anemia and immunosuppressive agents needed in patients were observed after 3 months treatment, according to “[Clinical study on treatment of mid-advanced crescentic nephritis by qingre huoxue recipe].[Article in Chinese]” by Deng YY, Chen YP, Wang L, Hu Z, Jin Y, Shen L, Zhu R, Zhong Y.(5)
6. Blood lipids and sex hormones
In the observation of the effect of Dandi Tablet (DDT)(consisted of prepared Rehmannia Root 24 g, Dogwood Fruit 9 g, Poria 9 g, Water-plantain 9 g, Tuber Peony bark 9 g, Chinese Yam 12 g and Red Sage 15 g, etc.), a TCM preparation for tonifying Shen and activating blood circulation, on blood lipids and sex hormones in women of postmenopausal stage, found that compared with pre-treatment, after treatment, levels of TC/HDL-C and FSH significantly lowered, HDL-C and E2 increased in both groups (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), levels of TG lowered and apoA increased significantly in the DDT group (P < 0.05) and concluded that DDT has the effect of elevating levels of estrogen and improving blood lipid metabolism, therefore shows a coronary heart disease preventive effect in women of postmenopausal stage, according to “[Effect of dandi tablet on blood lipids and sex hormones in women of postmenopausal stage].[Article in Chinese]” by Liang R, Chen MR, Xu X.(6)
7. Antioxidant and anti inflammatory effects
In the determination of effect of monkshood root and peony root on inflammation-induced agents and free radicals when used separately and in combination, found that In an experimental rat model with inflamed paw edema induced by carrageenin or formaldehyde and in a mouse model with ear swelling induced by xylene, the anti-inflammatory effect appeared stronger when the two drugs were used in combination, especially in comparison with the use of monkshood root alone. The exudation of blood capillaries and the contents of inflammation medium PGE2 were lowered; The activity of SOD extracted from rat or mouse red blood cells was enhanced, and the serum LPO, which was high in level when monkshood root was used alone, could be declined when the two drugs were used in combination, according to “[Influence of monkshood root-peony root combination on inflamation-induced agents and free radicals].[Article in Chinese]” by Qin L, Peng X, Zhang SH, Wang L, Liu F.(7)
8. Etc.
1. Abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism
In the investigation of a new formula, TZQ-F including 8 fractions isolated from Red Paeony root, Mulberry leaf, Lotus leaf, Danshen root and Hawthorn leaf with a good quality assurance, based on the recipe of the traditional anti-diabetic formula TZQ, found that among the 8 fractions, three of them had inhibition effects on intestinal disaccharase, three with inhibition effects on lipase, and five with effects of free radical scavenging. In vivo study showed that after 4 weeks of treatment, TZQ-F significantly decreased the levels of serum total cholesterol, TG, glucose, LDL-C and HDL-C in rats on high-fat diet, according to “Regulation effects on abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism of TZQ-F, a new kind of Traditional Chinese Medicine” by Tao W, Deqin Z, Yuhong L, Hong L, Zhanbiao L, Chunfeng Z, Limin H, Xiumei G.(1) 2. Insulin resistance
In the investigation of the pathological changes of blood glucose, serum lipid, insulin resistance, liver function, liver cell denaturalization of total glucosides of paeony on nonalcoholic fatty liver rats caused by insulin resistance and discuss the acting mechanism, found that total glucosides of paeony may protect liver function and modulate serum lipid for the fatty liver rats caused by insulin resistance, and its action mechanism may be concerned with enhancing insulin sensitivity and antioxidative ability, decreasing serum lipid, according to “[Effects of total glucosides of paeony on enhancing insulin sensitivity and antagonizing nonalcoholic fatty liver in rats].[Article in Chinese]” by Zheng LY, Pan JQ, Lv JH.(2)
3. Acute pancreatitis
In the comparison of the therapeutic effects of red peony root decoction, a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine, and rhubarb in treating severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), found that The durations of abdominal tenderness, fever and abdominal distension in the treatment group were less than those in the control group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the time length for antibiotics (including anti-bacteria drug and antifungal agent) use, nasojejunal feeding start, nasojejunal feeding, gastrointestinal decompression, fasting diet, hospital stays and hospitalization costs were decreased in the treatment group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences between the two groups in enzyme inhibitor and protease inhibitor requirement, mortality and adverse reactions, according to “[Red peony root decoction in treatment of severe acute pancreatitis: a randomized controlled trial].[Article in Chinese]” by Zhang M, Zhu DZ, Li ZS, Zhan XB.(3)
4. Blood stasis Syndrome (NH-BS)
In the evaluation of the effect of red peony root (RPR) on serum proteome in rat suffering from noxious heat with blood stasis Syndrome (NH-BS), found that (1) Serum of rats with LPS induced NH-BS showed significant changes in volume of serum protein (xPr) in 13 points on 2DE collagen, the volume of xPr 16 and 19 were significantly lower, volume of xPr 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12 and 23 were significantly higher respectively, as compared with those in the normal control group. (2) After being treated with RPR, the increased volume of xPr 1, 2, 3, 4 and 9 significantly decreased, and the decreased xPr 16 significantly increased, with xPr 2, 3 restored to normal level but the xPr16 still lower and xPr 1, 4, 9 higher than those in the normal group. RPR showed interaction with LPS on xPr 1, 3, 9, and 16. (3) For xPr 19, the interaction of RPR with LPS might be synergistic. (4) In the group treated with RPR, volumes of xPr 13 and 14 were significantly higher and those of 15, 17 were significantly lower than those in the normal group respectively, but the similar changes didn’t found in the LPS group, according to “[Preliminary study on change of serum proteome in noxious heat blood stasis syndrome treated by radix Paeoniae rubra].[Article in Chinese]” by Xie WG, Ma XC, Shao NS.(4)
5. Mid-advanced crescentic nephritis (MACN)
In the evaluation of the therapeutic effect of integrative Chinese and Western medicine in treating mid-advanced crescentic nephritis (MACN), found that Decoction of Qingre Huoxue recipe (QHR), consisted of oldenlandia herb 30 g, honey-suckle stem 30 g, violet herb 30 g, red peony root 15 g, rehmannia root 15 g, solomonseal rhizome 15 g, asiabell root 30 g, red sage root 30 g, prepared rhubarb 12 g and giant-hyssop herb 12 g, were additionally given one dose per day to patients in the treated group. The renal function, improvement of anemia and immunosuppressive agents needed in patients were observed after 3 months treatment, according to “[Clinical study on treatment of mid-advanced crescentic nephritis by qingre huoxue recipe].[Article in Chinese]” by Deng YY, Chen YP, Wang L, Hu Z, Jin Y, Shen L, Zhu R, Zhong Y.(5)
6. Blood lipids and sex hormones
In the observation of the effect of Dandi Tablet (DDT)(consisted of prepared Rehmannia Root 24 g, Dogwood Fruit 9 g, Poria 9 g, Water-plantain 9 g, Tuber Peony bark 9 g, Chinese Yam 12 g and Red Sage 15 g, etc.), a TCM preparation for tonifying Shen and activating blood circulation, on blood lipids and sex hormones in women of postmenopausal stage, found that compared with pre-treatment, after treatment, levels of TC/HDL-C and FSH significantly lowered, HDL-C and E2 increased in both groups (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), levels of TG lowered and apoA increased significantly in the DDT group (P < 0.05) and concluded that DDT has the effect of elevating levels of estrogen and improving blood lipid metabolism, therefore shows a coronary heart disease preventive effect in women of postmenopausal stage, according to “[Effect of dandi tablet on blood lipids and sex hormones in women of postmenopausal stage].[Article in Chinese]” by Liang R, Chen MR, Xu X.(6)
7. Antioxidant and anti inflammatory effects
In the determination of effect of monkshood root and peony root on inflammation-induced agents and free radicals when used separately and in combination, found that In an experimental rat model with inflamed paw edema induced by carrageenin or formaldehyde and in a mouse model with ear swelling induced by xylene, the anti-inflammatory effect appeared stronger when the two drugs were used in combination, especially in comparison with the use of monkshood root alone. The exudation of blood capillaries and the contents of inflammation medium PGE2 were lowered; The activity of SOD extracted from rat or mouse red blood cells was enhanced, and the serum LPO, which was high in level when monkshood root was used alone, could be declined when the two drugs were used in combination, according to “[Influence of monkshood root-peony root combination on inflamation-induced agents and free radicals].[Article in Chinese]” by Qin L, Peng X, Zhang SH, Wang L, Liu F.(7)
8. Etc.
Side Effects
1. Do not use the herb (raw bai shao) in case of pain in abdomen or/with diarrhea, if you have spleen deficiency.
2. Do not use the herb in newborn, children or if you are pregnant
or breast feeding without approval from the related field specialist.
3. Etc.
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Sources
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20123010
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19157135
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18559232
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16025967
(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15658650
(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14503058
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