Saturday 27 June 2020

Omega -3 Fatty Acids Lowers the Risk of Oral Cancer in Vivo

By Kyle J. Norton


Oral cancer is a medical condition characterized by irregular cell growth in the oral cavity, due to the alternation of cell DNA.

In the early stage, the abnormal cells only appear in the surface lining of the cavity. However, in the late stage, the infectious cells may travel a distance away from the original site to invade other cells and tissue.

Early diagnosed oral cancer may have a close to 100% recovery.

According to the cancer society, the 5 survival rate of oral cancer is about 60% plus without taking into consideration the stage of cancer.

According to the Oral Cancer Foundation in the article "Oral Cancer Fact", in the US, approximately, 50000 Americans will be diagnosed with oral pharyngeal cancer this year. It will cause about 10,000 deaths.

Family history, smoking, alcohol drinking, infected by HPV virus, poor hygiene and genetic preposition are some of the risk factors associated with the disease.

Most common types of oral cancer are
* Squamous cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma is one of the most common types of oral cancer accounting for over 90% of all cases and arises from the squamous cell layer in the lining of the oral cavity and oropharynx.

* Verrucous carcinoma
The low grade and rarely spread verrucous carcinoma is accounted for only approximately 5% of all cases. Cancer can spread deeply into the surrounding tissue.

* Minor salivary gland cancers
The cancer is originated from the salivary gland accounted for less than 1% of all cases.

Omega-3 fatty acids are phytochemicals in the class of lipids, found abundantly in deepsea fisk, dark-green leafy vegetables, grains, legumes, nuts, etc.

The three main components of Omega-3 fatty acids are alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).

On finding a potential phytochemical for the treatment of chronic diseases, researchers investigated the chemopreventive effects of various dietary n-6 and n-3 fatty acids in a 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benz[a]-anthracene (DMBA)- and betel quid extract (BQE) -induced hamster oral cancer model.

The selected thirty 6-week-old adult male hamsters included in the study were divided into normal, low, and high dietary n-6 and n-3 fatty acid groups under DMBA + BQE treatment for 16 weeks.

According to the tested analysis,
* The low dietary n-6/n-3 fatty acid group exhibited a significantly lower tumor number, volume, and burden than those of the other groups.

In other words, high levels of n-3 fatty acids compared to low levels of n-6 fatty acids induced a strong inhibition of the initiation and progression of oral cancer cells.

In the right buccal pouch tissue, the low dietary n-6/n-3 fatty acid group had significantly lower nuclear factor-κB associated with pro-inflammatory expression, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and cyclin D1 expression in cell cycle division.

More precisely, high levels of n-3 fatty acids compared to low levels of n-6 fatty acids inhibited the parameters involved in oral cancer proliferation.

Collectively, researchers concluded, " the lower dietary n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio exerted chemopreventive effects in the DMBA- and BQE-induced hamster oral cancer model".

Taken altogether, Omega-3 fatty acids found abundantly in fish oil and plant oil may be considered a functional food for the prevention and treatment of oral cancer, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of Omega-3 fatty acids in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.


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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Low dietary n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio prevents induced oral carcinoma in a hamster pouch model by Lee HC1, Liang A1, Lin YH2, Guo YR1, Huang SY. (PubMed)

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