Friday, 26 June 2020

Herbal Dandelion(Taraxacum officinale) in the Promotion of Anti-inflammatory Activity

By Kyle J. Norton

The immune system formed part of the body's defense plays a critical role in the protection of the body against infectious organisms.

The immune system executes the defense strategy through a series of the immune response by attacking foreign substances that invade body systems to cause disease.

A variety of factors have been found to trigger immune responses include pathogens, damaged cells, and toxic compounds.

Inflammation is a natural response of the immune system which protects the body against the invasion of pathogens.

Acute inflammation is a natural and systematic immune response to protect our body against the invasion of foreign bacteria and viruses by the initiated production of inflammatory cytokines to the site of infection.

However, overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines initiated by the immune system for a prolonged period of time may lead to cell damage and sometimes death of the healthy cells in the infectious site and nearby tissues.

These complications can also cause improper healing for the forming of scars and damage to the tissue of the organ, affecting and limiting the organs functioning, such as liver scars caused by hepatitis virus infection.

Badly enough, some proteins process the duo functions of pro and anti-inflammation. Under abnormal conditions, they can switch from their original action of anti-inflammatory cytokines to pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Furthermore, chronic inflammation occurred that lasts for months or years when the immune system response to the site of infection failure to eliminate agents that cause acute inflammation.

An autoimmune disorder that attacks normal healthy tissue, mistaking them for pathogens that can also cause chronic inflammatory disease.

Most cases of inflammation, are treated with NSAID's, or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. However, in some people intake of these medications can cause common and serious side effects, including gastrointestinal issues, such as pain, constipation, diarrhea, gas, nausea, and stomach ulcers, kidney problems, anemia,.... and swelling in the leg.

Dandelion is a herbaceous perennial plant, genus Taraxacum, belongings to the family Asteraceae, native to temperate regions of the world. It has been used in traditional and herbal medicine to treat gout, eczema, acne, gall bladder, kidney, liver and urinary disorders, hypoglycemia, dyspepsia with constipation, edema, blood pressure, and heart weakness, chronic joint, skin diseases, etc.

On finding a natural ingredient for the promotion of immune functioning, scientists examined inflammatory effects and the mechanism of taraxasterol in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells.

According to the tested differentiation of BV2 microglia cells that were treated with taraxasterol 12 h before LPS stimulation, taraxasterol showed an inhibition activity on LPS-induced TNF-α and IL-1β production of pro-inflammatory cytokines.

The western blot analysis suggested that taraxasterol also demonstrated an inhibitory effect in the activation of proteins associated with the initiation of the innate immune response induced by the LPS stimulation.

More precisely, taraxasterol dose-dependently inhibited LPS-induced TNF-α and IL-1β production and NF-κB activation.

Furthermore, the injection of taraxasterol also disrupted the formation of lipid rafts, the subdomains of the plasma membrane that contain high concentrations of cholesterol and glycosphingolipids, and inhibited the translocation of TLR4associated with activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the lipid rafts.

Moreover, taraxasterol was found to activate the signaling pathway involved in cholesterol efflux from cells.

Collectively, researchers said, " the anti-inflammatory effect of taraxasterol was attenuated by transfection with LXRα siRNA. In conclusion, these results suggested that taraxasterol inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory response in BV2 microglia cells by activating the LXRα-ABCA1 signaling pathway".

Taken altogether, Dandelion may be considered a remedy for modulation of the immune response, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.



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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Taraxasterol Inhibits LPS-Induced Inflammatory Response in BV2 Microglia Cells by Activating LXRα by Liu B1, He Z2, Wang J2, Xin Z3, Wang J2, Li F3, Fu Y. (PubMed)

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