Tuesday, 31 March 2020

Ursolic Acid, The Promised Anti-Bacterial and Anti-Biofilm Phytochemical

By Kyle J. Norton

Infection is a condition caused by a harmful microbial invasion of the body tissues

Most cases of bacterial infection are treated with antibiotics. However, bacterias are very adaptable, overuse of antibiotics has been found to make them resistant to antibiotics.

Out of trillions of strains of bacteria in the world, only a few cause diseases in humans. Believe it or not, our gut contains trillion microorganisms, most of them are bacteria.

The most common symptoms of bacterial infection are redness and heat, swelling, fever, pain at the site of infection.

In severe cases, the patient may also experience symptoms of swollen lymph glands.

Most cases of bacterial infection are treated successfully if the types of bacteria that cause the infection are identified.

A biofilm is a system that can be adapted internally to environmental conditions by its inhabitants. In other words, biofilm-forming from bacteria is one of the common forms of bacterial infection affecting up to 80% of human bacterial infections.

In biology, biofilm used by the bacteria as a natural defense mechanism of bacteria to survive under harsh environments, by attaching to a solid surface in a large community, including the skin, teeth, and mucosa.

Bacterial initiates biofilm formation with an aim to greatly enhance survival in hosts and cause chronic infections, leading to long-term inflammation and tissue damages.

The formation of a biofilm of bacteria may go through 2 stages, the adhesion phase is the stage that the bacteria attached to the surface or accumulates on a surface, After the adhesion phase, the bacteria enter the colonial phase, where the bacteria continue to grow, leading to the formation of dense bacterial aggregates.

Ursolic acid is a phytochemical in the subclass of Triterpenoid, belongings to the group of Terpenes found abundantly in apples, basil, bilberries, cranberries, peppermint, lavender, oregano, hawthorn, prunes., etc.

On finding a potential phytochemical for the treatment of chronic infectious diseases, researchers examined the effect of UA on carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter cloacae (CREC).

According to the analysis,
* UA has a MIC of 0.1 mg/mL against CREC.

* UA treatment inhibited CREC growth and impaired membrane integrity of CREC cells, observed by the decrease in intracellular ATP level, pH, and membrane potential and distinctive deformation in cellular morphology. 

* UA exerted a significant antibacterial effect on biofilm formation of CREC and inactivated CREC cells within biofilms.

After talking about other factors into account, researchers said, "These findings reveal that UA has potent antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against CREC and, thus, can be used as a natural food preservative to reduce CREC-related infections".

Taken altogether, Ursolic acid may be considered adjunct therapies in the treatment of bacterial infection, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of Ursolic acid in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.


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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of ursolic acid against carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter cloacae by Qian W1, Li X2, Shen L2, Wang T2, Liu M2, Zhang J2, Yang M2, Li X2, Cai C. (PubMed)

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