Sunday, 1 March 2020

Omega-3 Fatty Acids, the Promising Remedy for the Treatment of Advanced Esophagogastric Cancer

By Kyle J. Norton

Cancer is a class of diseases characterized by cell growth and multiplied disorderly and uncontrollably. In advance stage, cancerous cells from the originated site can travel a distance away to infect other healthy tissue via lymph or blood circulation.

Most cancers process a high survival rate if they are diagnosed early. According to the Mayo Clinic, over 56 percent of people diagnosed with early-stage lung cancer live for at least five years after diagnosis. However, the five-year survival rate for people diagnosed with late-stage of invasive lung cancer is 5 %.

According to the statistic of Canadian cancer provided by the government, in 2017, there were over 200,000 newly diagnosed cancer and 80,000 Canadian died from cancer. 1 in 2 Canadians will be diagnosed with cancer, and 1 in 4 will die from the disease, during their lifetime.

The exact cause of cancers is unknown. Researchers do not know why some people without gene mutation are susceptible to early onset of cancer while others do not

However, researchers do know that certain risk factors such as aging, tobacco, sun exposure, radiation exposure, chemicals, and other substances, some viruses and bacteria, certain hormones, family history of cancer, alcohol, poor diet, physical inactivity are associated to gene change in the initiation of cancer development.

Most cancers share the common symptoms of tiredness, unexplained weight loss, loss of appetite, fatigue. In advance stage, cancer patients may also experience additional common symptoms of dehydration, nausea and vomiting, constipation and persistent pain.

Gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma is a rare type of cancer of the esophagus, the tube that connects your mouth and stomach.

Most common risk factors associated with the onset of esophagogastric adenocarcinoma are
* Having gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
* Smoking.
 * Having precancerous changes in the cells of the esophagus (Barrett's esophagus)
* Being obese.
* Excessive alcohol drinking
* Frequent bile reflux. 

Omega-3 fatty acids are phytochemicals in the class of lipids, found abundantly in deepsea fisk, dark-green leafy vegetables, grains, legumes, nuts, etc.

The three main components of Omega-3 fatty acids are alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).

On finding a potential phytochemical for the treatment of cancer, researchers investigated the effects of omega 3 fatty acids in patients with advanced esophagogastric adenocarcinoma.
The study included 20 participants with advanced esophagogastric adenocarcinoma enrolled in phase II single-arm clinical trial of palliative chemotherapy (epirubicin, oxaliplatin, and capecitabine; EOX) coupled with the weekly infusion of Omegaven®.
According to the results of radiological responses,
* Partial response (EOX plus omega-3 group 73% vs. EOX alone 39%, p=0.03).

*Stable disease (EOX plus omega-3 21% vs. EOX alone 39%, p=0.24), and

* Progressive disease (EOX plus omega-3 7% vs. EOX alone 18%, p=0.34).

Most importantly, grade 3 or 4 toxicity was less common (thromboembolism & gastrointestinal) and the concentrations of pro-inflammatory proteins such as IL-2 (p=0.009), TNF-α (p<0.0001) and VEGF (p=0.002) was reduced. in those who received EOX plus omega-3.

Based on the evidence, researchers said, "The treatment with supplementary omega-3 fatty acids reduced chemotherapy-related toxicity and resulted in better radiological responses".

Taken altogether, Omega-3 fatty acids found abundantly in fish oil and plant oil may be considered an adjunct therapy in the treatment of advanced esophagogastric adenocarcinoma, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of Omega-3 fatty acids in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.


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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) The Effect of Supplementary Omegaven® on the Clinical Outcome of Patients With Advanced Esophagogastric Adenocarcinoma Receiving Palliative Epirubicin, Oxaliplatin, and Capecitabine Chemotherapy: A Phase II clinical trial by Eltweri AM1, Thomas AL2, Chung WY3, Morgan B3, Thompson J4, Dennison AR3, Bowrey DJ. (PubMed)

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