Tuesday 10 March 2020

Devil's Club Induces Human Ovarian Cancer Apoptosis in Vitro

By Kyle J. Norton

The ovaries are oval-shaped ovum-producing reproductive organ formed part of women reproductive system that connects to the fallopian tubes and attaches to the outer layer of the uterus via the ovarian ligament. Usually, the left and right ovary take a turn to release an egg every month.

Ovarian cancer is medical a condition characterized by abnormal cells growth of ovarian cells that start on the surface of the inner lining of the ovary. Over time, the oversized tumor can travel a distance away to infect the nearby organ and tissue via the fluid and blood circulation.

Most cases of ovarian cancer begin in the cells on the surface of the inner lining tissue of the ovary before spreading to the deeper layers to form a tumor.

In the very early stage, due to the very small size of the tumor, most patients are asymptomatic. However, as the disease progression, patients may experience symptoms shared commonly with other types of cancer accompanied by specific symptoms of abdominal bloating or swelling, discomfort in the pelvic area, changes in bowel habits, such as constipation.

According to the statistics, ovarian cancer is one of the fifth most common cancer, accounting for more deaths than any other cancer of the female reproductive system in the US.

The lifetime risk of getting ovarian cancer is about 1 in 78, compared to the lifetime of dying from ovarian cancer risk of 1 in 108.

The five-year relative survival rate for all types and stages of ovarian cancer is 47 percent, Cancer diagnosed at the early stage have a 5-year survival rate of over 72%.

The exact causes of ovarian cancer are not identified. However, epidemiological studies suggested that women who have endometriosis, genetic preposition such as BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene, acquired genetic mutation such as the TP53 tumor suppressor gene are susceptible to the substantial risk of the development of the disease.


Besides sharing the common symptoms of other types of cancer, most ovarian cancer patients may experience symptoms of discomfort in the pelvic area, changes in bowel habits, such as constipation. and a frequent need to urinate.

Devil's Club is a large shrub, genus Oplopanax, belonging to the family Aralioideae, native to the cool moist forests of western North America. 

The herb has been used in traditional and herbal medicine as Adaptogen, Antipyretic, Pain Reliever, Antitussive, Antibacterial agent and to treat Arthritis, Diabetes, Colds, Cough, Sore throat, Chest congestion, Stomach pain, Constipation, Gall stones, Influenza, Cancer, etc.

On finding a potential compound for the treatment of cancers, researchers investigated the Devil's club, effects on the ovarian cancer cells.

According to the results of Ovcar 10 two-dimensional cells grown as monolayer cells, and Ovcar 10 three-dimensional spheroids that were prepared with a rotary cell culture system,
* The application of tested herb showed an increased apoptosis-related gene expression in three-dimensional spheroids, compared to two- dimensional cells.

* Ovcar 10 three-dimensional spheroids were significantly more resistant to the killing by Devil's club extract, compared to two-dimensional cells, with IC50 levels closer to that observed in vivo.

* Furthermore, Devil's club extract and its active compound alone significantly enhanced the antiproliferation activity of cisplatin and gemcitabine at some concentrations, but did not affect the activity of paclitaxel.

* Moreover, in three-dimensional spheroids, the proportion of cells in the G2/M phase was slightly increased and the S phase was slightly decreased compared to two-dimensional cells.

Taken altogether, Devil's Club may be considered a remedy for the treatment of ovarian cancer, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.


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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)

Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Human ovarian cancer multicellular spheroids: a model for testing antiproliferation activity of Devil's club (Oplopanax horridus) and anticancer agents by Tai J1, Cheung SS2, Hasman D. (PubMed)

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