Top 5 Foods for Reducing Risk of Benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)

Benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH) is defined as a condition of increased in the number of cells of prostate gland, causing partial, or sometimes virtually complete obstruction of the urinary tract. According to statistic, BPH commonly starts at age of 30 and symptoms usually can not be realized until age of 50. More than half of men between age of 60-70 are experience symptoms of BPH and only 10% are required treatment. Suggestion of BPH is associated to nutritional status and eating habits, according to the study, 30 male patients with clinically confirmed and treated disease of the prostatic gland, including 15 men (aged 51-75 years) with BPH and 15 men (aged 51-73 years) with PC, indicated improper nutritional status lead of incorrect nutritional habits which fail to improve their health status, may be the cause of  the development of some diet-dependent diseases, such as BPH and prostate cancer(a). A proper diet with vegetable, fruit containing zinc may reduce the risk of the disease from starting(b)(c).
  Epidemiological studies, indicated intake of vegetables and fruits accompanied with healthy life style may be associated in prevented risk and treatment of enlarged prostate(d)(e)(f), it may due to enhancement of antioxidants effect on over production of prostate cells(g)(h).

Top 5 Foods for Reducing Risk of Benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)
1. Green tea
Green tea contains more amount of antioxidants than any drinks or food with the same volume, and is the leaves of Camellia sinensis, undergone minimal oxidation during processing, originated from China. Green tea has been a precious drink in traditional Chinese culture and used exceptional in socialization for more than 4000 thousand years. Because of their health benefits, they have been cultivated for commercial purposes all over the world.
The levels or activity of androgen hormones are associated to the risk of BPH, green tea catechin, (-)epigallocatechin-3-gallate, exhibited its modulation of androgenic activity that may be useful for the treatment of various hormone-related abnormalities, such as benign prostatic hyperplasia(29). 5 alpha-reductase activity may be involved in the development of benign prostatic hyperplasia, according to the
The Ben May Institute for Cancer Research, and The Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, green tea catechin (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). EGCG showed potent inhibition in cell-free and in replacement of the gallate ester in EGCG with long-chain fatty acids produced potent 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors(30). The study by the Oregon State University, also showed that in the study of male noble rats implanted with estradiol and testosterone divided into 4 dietary groups: control, soy, tea, or soy+tea, the combinartion of  soy and tea attenuated prostate malignancy by decreasing prostate hyperplasia(31). Also, green tea catechin, (-)epigallocatechin-3-gallate, according to Dr. Liao S., may be useful for the treatment of various hormone-related abnormalities, such as benign prostatic hyperplasia, due to its modulation of androgenic activity(32).

2. Coffee
Coffee made from the roasted seeds of the genus Coffee, belonging to the family Rubiaceae native to southern Arabia.
Coffee intake has been found to be effective in reduced risk of prostate cancer, as we mentioned in the prostate cancer article. According to Dr. Morrison AS. Coffee drinking was inversely but only weakly related to prostatic hypertrophy(BPH) in 910 residents of Rhode Island who had a partial or total prostatectomy that was not related to cancer in the years 1985-1987(33). But the study of a total of 1369 patients younger than 75 years old surgically treated for BPH and 1451 controls younger than 75 years of age, showed no association of coffee intake in risk of BPH.(34)(35). and  according to the study by the Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP) in the rat prostate gland, chronic caffeine intake from puberty may increase androgenic signalling and cell proliferation  and can be related to the development of benign prostatic hyperplasia(36).

3. Pumpkin seeds
Pumpkin seed or pepita is an edible seed of a pumpkin with flat, dark green color. Pumpkin is the genus Cucurbita and belong the family Cucurbitaceae. The origin of pumpkins is unknown, although many people believe that they have originated in North America.
Pumpkins seed has been known to consist certain chemical constituents in reduced risk and management of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Pumpkin seed, in the study of 20 male Wistar rats, conducted by the Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, inhibited the induction of BPH  and through increasing the testosterone:estradiol ratio(37). A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in over 12 months on 47 benign prostatic hyperplasia patients with average age of 53.3 years and international prostate symptom score over 8, showed a positive effect of pumpkin seeds as complementary and alternative medicine treatments for benign prostatic hyperplasia(38). Other study also showed that oral administration of pumpkin seed oil inhibited testosterone-induced hyperplasia of the prostate(39).

4. Coconut oil
Coconut palm tree is a genus cocos, belonging to the family Arecaceae, native to the tropic and subtropic area. It is said that coconut oil may reduce total cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids, LDL, and VLDL cholesterol levels and increased HDL cholesterol in serum, etc.(40). Coconut oil, in the study of the effect on BPH, showed to  reduce the increase of both prostate weight (PW) and  PW:body weight (BW) ratio, markers of testosterone-induced PH in rats(41).

5. Fish oil
Fish oil, rich in long-chain polyunsaturated essential fatty acids of the omega-3 group may be used to reduced BPH risk. According to the study by the University of California at Davis, gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) from fish oil inhibited 80% of gamDHT-enhanced activity of 5 alpha-reductase with their precursor fatty acids, respectively, exerted moderate inhibition(42). Other in the study of the serum samples of 24 BPH and 19 PC patients, and from 21 age-matched normal male subjects, found that the omega-3 PUFAs level was significantly decreased in patient with BPH(43). Unluckily, the comparison of the levels of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in leukocytes and prostate tissue in men with prostate cancer or benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), indicated no association in correlation of long-chain polyunsaturated essential fatty acids  intake in reduced risk of BPH(44).

Taking altogether, with out going into reviews, certain foods have been found effectively in reduced risk and treatments of Benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH). But large sample and multi centers studies are necessary to validate their effectiveness. As always, all articles written by Kyle J. Norton are for information & education only, please consult your Doctor & Related field specialist before applying.



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References
(a) Nutritional status and nutritional habits of men with benign prostatic hyperplasia or prostate cancer - preliminary investigation by Goluch-Koniuszy Z, Rygielska M, Nowacka I.(PubMed)
(b) Diet and benign prostatic hyperplasia: a study in Greece by Lagiou P¹, Wuu J, Trichopoulou A, Hsieh CC, Adami HO, Trichopoulos D.(PubMed)
(c) Associations of obesity, physical activity and diet with benign prostatic hyperplasia and lower urinary tract symptoms by Raheem OA¹, Parsons JK.(PubMed)
(d) Nutrition and benign prostatic hyperplasia by Espinosa G.(PubMed)
(e) Dietary patterns and prostatic diseases by Sebastiano C¹, Vincenzo F, Tommaso C, Giuseppe S, Marco R, Ivana C, Giorgio R, Massimo M, Giuseppe M.(PubMed)
(f) Fruit and vegetable consumption, intake of micronutrients, and benign prostatic hyperplasia in US men by Rohrmann S¹, Giovannucci E, Willett WC, Platz EA.(PubMed)
(g) Evaluation of oxidative stress and DNA damage in benign prostatic hyperplasia patients and comparison with controls by Ahmad M¹, Suhail N, Mansoor T, Banu N, Ahmad S(PubMed).
(h) Oxidative stress and antioxidant status in non-metastatic prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia by Aydin A¹, Arsova-Sarafinovska Z, Sayal A, Eken A, Erdem O, Erten K, Ozgök Y, Dimovski A.(PubMed)
(29) The medicinal action of androgens and green tea epigallocatechin gallate by Liao S.(PubMed)
(30) Structure-activity relationships for inhibition of human 5alpha-reductases by polyphenols by Hiipakka RA¹, Zhang HZ, Dai W, Dai Q, Liao S.(PubMed)
(31) Dietary soy and tea mitigate chronic inflammation and prostate cancer via NFκB pathway in the Noble rat model by Hsu A¹, Bruno RS, Löhr CV, Taylor AW, Dashwood RH, Bray TM, Ho E.(PubMed)
(32) The medicinal action of androgens and green tea epigallocatechin gallate by Liao S.(PubMed)
(33) Risk factors for surgery for prostatic hypertrophy by Morrison AS.(PubMed)
(34) Food groups and risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia. by Bravi F¹, Bosetti C, Dal Maso L, Talamini R, Montella M, Negri E, Ramazzotti V, Franceschi S, La Vecchia C.(PubMed)
(35) Benign prostatic hyperplasia: the opposite effects of alcohol and coffee intake by Gass R.(PubMed)
(36) Chronic caffeine intake increases androgenic stimuli, epithelial cell proliferation and hyperplasia in rat ventral prostate by Sarobo C¹, Lacorte LM, Martins M, Rinaldi JC, Moroz A, Scarano WR, Delella FK, Felisbino SL.(PubMed)
(37) Inhibition of the experimental induction of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a possible role for fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis Hook f.) seeds by Ejike CE¹, Ezeanyika LU.(PubMed)
(38) Effects of pumpkin seed oil and saw palmetto oil in Korean men with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia by Hong H¹, Kim CS, Maeng S.(PubMed)
(39) Inhibition of testosterone-induced hyperplasia of the prostate of sprague-dawley rats by pumpkin seed oil by Gossell-Williams M¹, Davis A, O'Connor N.(PubMed)
(40) Beneficial effects of virgin coconut oil on lipid parameters and in vitro LDL oxidation. Nevin KG. Rajamohan T. Clinical Biochemistry. 37(9):830-5, 2004 Sep. [Comparative Study. Journal Article] UI: 15329324 Authors Full Name Nevin, K G. Rajamohan, T.
(41) Effects of coconut oil on testosterone-induced prostatic hyperplasia in Sprague-Dawley rats. by de Lourdes Arruzazabala M¹, Molina V, Más R, Carbajal D, Marrero D, González V, Rodríguez E.(PubMed)
(42) 5 alpha-reductase-catalyzed conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone is increased in prostatic adenocarcinoma cells: suppression by 15-lipoxygenase metabolites of gamma-linolenic and eicosapentaenoic acids by Pham H¹, Ziboh VA.(PubMed)
(43) Comparison of fatty acid profiles in the serum of patients with prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia by Yang YJ¹, Lee SH, Hong SJ, Chung BC.(PubMed)
(44) Prostate tissue and leukocyte levels of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in men with benign prostate hyperplasia or prostate cancer by Christensen JH¹, Fabrin K, Borup K, Barber N, Poulsen J.(PubMed)