Rheumatoid Arthritis
Rheumatoid Arthritis is defined a chronic disorder as a result of
inflammation, affecting mostly the flexible (synovial) joints and
tissues and organs in the body. The disease affects more women than in
men and generally occurs after the ages of 40 and diminishes the quality
of life of many elders.
In conventional medicine, there is no known way to prevent rheumatoid
arthritis, although progression of the disease usually can be stopped
or slowed by early, aggressive treatment. Since Rheumatoid Arthritis RA
is caused by inflammation of flexible (synovial) joints and tissues and
organs in the body, diet with high in anti inflammatory and immunity
enhancing foods, antioxidants and phytochemicals may provide protection
and reduced risk of the disease.
The Diet
1. Organic Soy
Intake of soy protein can enhance the protective effect against
Rheumatoid Arthritis. In the study to evaluate preventive and
therapeutic effects of soy protein on collagen-induced arthritis rats,
showed that Administration of soy protein significantly suppressed the
progression of collagen II-induced arthritis and inhibited the
production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin6, leptin, and
adiponectin. Soy protein appeared to be a potent immunomodulatory
inhibitor of collagen II-induced arthritis in rats
(32).
2. Green tea
EGCG in experimental animals and findings related to the EGCG-drug
interaction. Although these findings provide scientific evidence of the
anti-rheumatic activity of EGCG, further preclinical studies are
warranted before phase clinical trials could be initiated with
confidence for patients with joint diseases(33).
3. Olive oil
In the study of a case control study of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) 168
cases and 137 controls were included. Patients and controls were
interviewed with regard to a variety of socioeconomic, medical and
dietary factors, found that applying multiple logistic analysis though
(by which several variables were controlled for), only the association
with olive oil consumption and lent adherence remained significant. More
specifically; an increase in olive oil consumption by two times per
week, resulted in a Relative Risk (RR) for development of RA of 0.49,
whereas adherence to lent during the 27 weeks per year prescribed by the
Orthodox Church, resulted in a RR of 0.33(34).
4. Salmon
Salmon contains high amount Omega 3 fatty acid of the can decrease the
risk of RA. In the review of Arthritis disease – the use of
complementary therapies, showed that there is reasonable evidence to
support the use of glucosamine, avocado/soybean unsaponifiables and
chondroitin in osteoarthritis, and omega-3 fatty acids and
gammalinolenic acid in rheumatoid arthritis. However, no current
evidence does not equate to lack of effectiveness(35).
5. Circuit fruits
Circuit fruit contain high amount of Quercetin which can reduce the risk
of Rheumatoid Arthritis as a result of anti inflammatory and
antioxidant effects
a. Anti-Inflammatory
According to the study of `Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities
of Quercetin 7-O-β-D-Glucopyranoside from the Leaves of Brasenia
schreberi.`by Legault J, Perron T, Mshvildadze V, Girard-Lalancette K,
Perron S, Laprise C, Sirois P, Pichette A. (Source from Laboratory for
Analysis and Separation of Plant Species (LASEVE), Université du Québec à
Chicoutimi , Chicoutimi, Québec, Canada.), posted in PubMed,
researchers found that some flavonoids have been reported to possess
beneficial effects in cardiovascular and chronic inflammatory diseases
associated with overproduction of nitric oxide.
Quercetin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside possesses anti-inflammatory activity,
inhibiting expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and release of
nitric oxide by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages in a
dose-dependent manner. Quercetin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside also inhibited
overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 and granulocyte
macrophage-colony-stimulating factor.
b. Free radical scavenger
In a study of `Dietary chromones as antioxidant agents-the structural
variable.`by Dias MM, Machado NF, Marques MP. (Source from Research Unit
“Molecular Physical Chemistry”, University of Coimbra, Portugal.),
posted in PubMed, researchers found that from the eighteen tested
compounds, three-fisetin, luteolin and quercetin-are shown to act as
effective antiradicals. Consistent structure-activity relationships
(SARs) were established regarding the antioxidant role of this type of
chromone-based system.
6. Red wine and skin and of grape
Resveratrol found abundantly in red wine and the skin and seed of grape
is said to have an anti RA effect. In the study of Effects of
resveratrol in inflammatory arthritis, showed that according to control
group in the resveratrol group, significantly decreased cartilage
destruction was determined by H&E staining (p = 0.04). Loss of
matrix proteoglycan content in the cartilage was much lower, as
determined by safranin O staining (p = 0.03). We also observed marked
synovial inflammation after intra-articular injection to control knees,
but not in the resveratrol treated group knees (p = 0.01)(36).
7. Turmeric
Turmeric (Curcuma longa L., Zingiberaceae) rhizomes contain two classes
of secondary metabolites, curcuminoids and the less well-studied
essential oils. Dr. Funk JL and research team at the University of
Arizona, indicated that Crude or refined TEO extracts dramatically
inhibited joint swelling (90-100% inhibition) in female rats with
streptococcal cell wall (SCW)-induced arthritis when extracts were
administered via intraperitoneal injection to maximize uniform delivery.
However, this anti-arthritic effect was accompanied by significant
morbidity and mortality. Oral administration of a 20-fold higher dose
TEO was nontoxic, but only mildly joint-protective (20% inhibition).
These results do not support the isolated use of TEO for arthritis
treatment but, instead, identify potential safety concerns in
vertebrates exposed to TEO(37).
8. Ginger
Ginger (Zingiber officinale) supplements are being promoted for
arthritis treatment in western societies on the basis of ginger’s
traditional use as an anti-inflammatory in Chinese and Ayurvedic
medicine. Dr. Funk JL and scientists at the University of Arizona showed
that the crude dichloromethane extract, which also contained essential
oils and more polar compounds, was more efficacious (when normalized to
gingerol content) in preventing both joint inflammation and
destruction(38).
9. Etc.
Sources
(32) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21681567
(33) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20447316
(34) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1771399
(35) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20877766
(36) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17115116
(37) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20025215
(38) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19216559
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