Wednesday 27 November 2013

Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome - The Causes and risk factors

Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS)
Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome, sometimes called Call-Fleming syndrome is defined as a condition of disease of the arteries of which the brain develops a blood vessels spasm that leads to multifocal arterial constriction and dilation, causing the sudden onset of a severe headache (2)
Causes and risk factors
Some researchers suggested reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) may be a results from a transient disturbance of the circle of arteries that supply blood to the brain of which leads to its constriction.
1. Antidepressants
Antidepressants used to treat depression, anxiety disorders, and some personality disorders may increase risk of diffuse cerebral vasoconstriction(5)

2. Nasal decongestants
In the investigation conducted by Lariboisière Hospital of clinical, neuroimaging and outcome data of 67 consecutive patients prospectively diagnosed over 3 years in our institution with an angiographically confirmed RCVS, 43 females and 24 males with a mean age of 42 years (19-70). RCVS was spontaneous in 37% of patients and secondary in the 63% others, to postpartum in 5 and to exposure to various vasoactive substances in 37, mainly cannabis, selective serotonin-recapture inhibitors and nasal decongestants(6)

3. Eletriptan  
A pediatric case of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome with cortical subarachnoid hemorrhage, suggested that Eletriptan might cause vasoconstriction of cerebral arteries. Although most patients with RCVS are adults and pediatric cases are rare, RCVS should be considered in a child complaining of severe headache(7)

4. Vasoconstrictive drug exposure and migraine
In the study of clinical, laboratory, and imaging features of patients with reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndromes evaluated at 2 academic centers, compare subgroups, conducted by

6. Evoked by pregnancy(4)

7. Exposure to vasoactive substances such as angiotensin II, epinephrine, norepinephrine, vasopressin can lead to constrictor dilate of blood vessels)(4)

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Sources
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20816453
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19220301 
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20936928
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21179608
(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16832100
(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18025032
(7) http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S038776041200006X
(8) http://www.medscape.org/viewarticle/748234_3
(9) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22000400

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