Stigmasterol is a phytochemincal in the class of Phytosterols, belonging to the group of Lipids, found abundantly in , legumes, nuts, seeds, unpasteurized milk, buckwheat. etc.
Health Benefits
1. Anti-osteoarthritic effects
In the investigation of the effects of stigmasterol, a plant sterol, on the inflammatory mediators and metalloproteinases produced by chondrocytes, found that stigmasterol
inhibits several pro-inflammatory and matrix degradation mediators
typically involved in OA-induced cartilage degradation, at least in part
through the inhibition of the NF-kappaB pathway. These promising
results justify further ex vivo and in vivo investigations with stigmasterol, according to "Stigmasterol: a phytosterol with potential anti-osteoarthritic properties" by Gabay O, Sanchez C, Salvat C, Chevy F, Breton M, Nourissat G, Wolf C, Jacques C, Berenbaum F.(1)
2. Cytotoxic and apoptotic effects
In
the evaluation of the cytotoxic effects of the oxidized derivatives of
β-sitosterol and determined that phytosterol oxidation products (POP)
have a similar but less potent toxicity compared to their cholesterol
equivalents, found that the antioxidants α-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, and
β-carotene did not protect against apoptosis induced by 7β-OH and
diepoxide stigmasterol;
however, α-tocopherol was found to protect against epoxydiol-induced
apoptosis. The cellular antioxidant, glutathione, was depleted and the
apoptotic protein, Bcl-2, was down-regulated by the stigmasterol oxides identified as apoptotic, according to "Cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of the oxidized derivatives of stigmasterol in the U937 human monocytic cell line" by O'Callaghan YC, Foley DA, O'Connell NM, McCarthy FO, Maguire AR, O'Brien NM.(2)
3. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities
In
the investigation of Phytochemical, antimicrobial and
2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH)-radical scavenging
investigations of the hexane and EtOAc extracts of the stem bark of M.
barteri for the first time, found that seven compounds, including two
guanidine alkaloids: millaurine (2) and milletonine (7); one flavonoid:
afzelin (6); four sterols: β-sitosterol (1), β-sitosterol glucoside
(3), mixture of stigmasterol
(4) and β-sitosterol (5) palmitates isolated from stem bark of hexane
and ethyl acetate extracts of M. barteri. These extracts showed
antimicrobial activity on the set of germs tested with minimum
inhibitory concentration values varying from 64 to 512 µg/mL, as well as
antioxidant activity (IC50 62.74 and 77.23 µg/mL), according to "Chemical constituents of Millettia barteri and their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities" by Havyarimana L, Ndendoung ST, Tamokou Jde D, Atchadé Ade T, Tanyi JM.(3)
4. Ameliorating effects
In the study of effects of stigmasterol on scopolamine-induced memory impairments using the passive avoidance and the Morris water maze tasks in mice, found that stigmasterol-induced
cognitive ameliorative effects are mediated by the enhancement of
cholinergic neurotransmission system via the activation of estrogen or
NMDA receptors, according to "The ameliorating effects of stigmasterol on scopolamine-induced memory impairments in mice" by Park SJ, Kim DH, Jung JM, Kim JM, Cai M, Liu X, Hong JG, Lee CH, Lee KR, Ryu JH.(4)
5. Anti-snake venom activities
In
the investigation of the anti-snake venom properties of callus of crude
extracts of S. saponaria, found that Sapindus saponaria extracts (B
and C) and fractions (A1 and A2) showed β-sitosterol and stigmasterol
as their main compounds of presented anti-ophidian activity and could
be used as an adjuvant to serum therapy or for its supplementation, and
in addition, as a rich source of potential inhibitors of enzymes
involved in several pathophysiological human and animal diseases,
according to "Anti-snake venom activities of extracts and fractions from callus cultures of Sapindus saponaria" by da Silva ML, Marcussi S, Fernandes RS, Pereira PS, Januário AH, França SC, Da Silva SL, Soares AM, Lourenço MV.(5)
6. Birth control
In the investigation of stigmasterol
derivative and the effects of petroleum ether extract of C.
coromandelina (PECC) aerial parts on the onset of reproductive maturity
and the ovarian steroidogenesis in immature female mice, found that the
isolated compound was characterized as stigmasterol
derivative. PECC treatment caused a remarkable delay (30.27 and
18.56%, respectively, by low dose) in sexual maturity compared to
vehicle control as evidenced by the age of vaginal opening and
appearance of first estrus (cornified smear). PECC treatment also
caused a significant fall (58.6 and 50.0%, respectively, by low dose)
in Δ(5)-3β-HSD and G 6-PDH activities involved in ovarian
steroidogenesis compared to vehicle control. Total cholesterol and
ascorbic acid content in ovaries and carbonic anhydrase activity in
uterus were increased significantly (low dose by 49.3, 424.6 and 82.4%,
respectively) along with a reduction in the weight of ovary, uterus
and pituitary in comparison to that of control, according to "Fractionation of stigmasterol
derivative and study of the effects of Celsia coromandelina aerial
parts petroleum ether extract on appearance of puberty and ovarian
steroidogenesis in immature mice" by Pal D, Mazumder UK, Gupta M.(6)
7. Antihyperlipidemic activity
In
the determination of the Antihyperlipidemic activity of the methanol
extract obtained from the fruits of the plant L. siceraria showed a
positive Liebermann-Burchard test for sterols including fucosterol (1),
racemosol (2), stigmasterol
(3), and stigmasta-7,22-dien-3β,4β-diol (4), significant reductions in
lipid profiles which included cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and VLDL.
In addition, a significant increase in HDL cholesterol observed, which
is a good cholesterol that protects hearts from coronary artery
diseases, according to "Isolation of phytosterols and antihyperlipidemic activity of Lagenaria siceraria" by Kalsait RP, Khedekar PB, Saoji AN, Bhusari KP.(7)
8. Anti inflammatory effect
In
the determination of three new labdane-type diterpenes 1-3, named
coronarins G-I as well as seven known 4-10, coronarin D, coronarin D
methyl ether, hedyforrestin C, (E)-nerolidol, β-sitosterol,
daucosterol, and stigmasterol
isolated from rhizomes of Hedychium coronarium used for the treatment
of inflammation, skin diseases, headache, and sharp pain due to
rheumatism in traditional medicine, showed inhibitory effects on
lipopolysaccharide-stimulated production of pro-inflammatory cytokines
in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. Among of them, compounds 1, 2,
and 6 were significant inhibitors of LPS-stimulated TNF-α, IL-6, and
IL-12 p40 productions with IC(50) ranging from 0.19±0.11 to 10.38±2.34
μM, according to "Chemical constituents
of the rhizomes of Hedychium coronarium and their inhibitory effect on
the pro-inflammatory cytokines production LPS-stimulated in bone
marrow-derived dendritic cells" by Kiem PV, Thuy NT, Anh Hle T, Nhiem NX, Minh CV, Yen PH, Ban NK, Hang DT, Tai BH, Tuyen NV, Mathema VB, Koh YS, Kim YH.(8)
9. Antioxidant and antigenotoxic properties
In the assessment of the antioxidant
and antigenotoxic properties of Dichloromethane and methanol extracts
isolated from from Marrubium deserti de Noé. Six of them were known
compounds (a mixture of the isomers cyllenin A and 15-epi-cyllenin A,
marrubiin, marrulactone, marrulibacetal and β-stigmasterol)
and seven known phenolic compounds were also isolated: apigenin and
several 7-O-substituted derivatives (apigenin-7-O-β-neohesperidoside,
apigenin-7-O-glucoside, terniflorin and apigenin-7-O-glucuronide)
together with two phenylethanoid glucosides (acteoside and forsythoside
B) found that some of the isolated compounds like phenylethanoid
derivatives showed stronger antioxidant capacity than trolox and were
also able to significantly inhibit β-galactosidase induction caused by
the mutagen agent nitrofurantoin, according to "Antioxidant and antigenotoxic properties of compounds isolated from Marrubium deserti de Noé" by Zaabat N, Hay AE, Michalet S, Darbour N, Bayet C, Skandrani I, Chekir-Ghedira L, Akkal S, Dijoux-Franca MG.(9)
10. Antibacterial effect
In
the evaluation of the dichloromethane extract from Aristolochia
brevipes (Rhizoma) and the compounds isolated from this extract against
several mycobacterial strains, sensitive, resistant (monoresistant),
and clinical isolates (multidrug-resistant), using the alamarBlue™
microassay,
the extract fractionated by column chromatography,
yielding the following eight major compounds: (1)
6α-7-dehydro-N-formylnornantenine; (2) E/Z-N-formylnornantenine; (3)
7,9-dimethoxytariacuripyrone; (4) 9-methoxy-tariacuripyrone; (5)
aristololactam I; (6) β-sitosterol; (7) stigmasterol;
and (8) 3-hydroxy-α-terpineol showed that The most active compound
against all mycobacterial strains tested was the compound aristolactam I
(5), with MIC values ranging between 12.5 and 25 µg/mL. To our
knowledge, this the first report of antimycobacterial activity in this
plant, according to "Antibacterial activity of Aristolochia brevipes against multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis" by Navarro-García VM, Luna-Herrera J, Rojas-Bribiesca MG, Álvarez-Fitz P, Ríos MY.(10)
11. Etc.
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to Popular Herbs http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/popular-herbs.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Sources
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19786147
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20828195
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22338120
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22173129
(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22133075
(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22092072
(7) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22076759
(8) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22071304
(9) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21924316
(10) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21876482
No comments:
Post a Comment