Obesity and Dementia

A. Obesity is defined as a medical condition of excess body fat has accumulated overtime, while overweight is a condition of excess body weight relatively to the height. According to the Body Mass Index(BMI), a BMI between 25 to 29.9 is considered over weight, while a BMI of over 30 is an indication of obesity. According to the statistic, 68% of American population are either overweight or obese.

B. How to calculate your BMI index
BMI= weight (kg)/ height (m2)

C. Dementia
Dementia is defined as a condition of deteriorate gradually of cognitive ability of memory, thinking, language, judgment, and behavior.

D. How Obesity associated with Dementia
1. In a study of "Midlife and late-life obesity and the risk of dementia: cardiovascular health study" by Fitzpatrick AL, Kuller LH, Lopez OL, Diehr P, O'Meara ES, Longstreth WT Jr, Luchsinger JA.,posted in PubMed, researchers found that these results help explain the "obesity paradox" as differences in dementia risk across time are consistent with physical changes in the trajectory toward disability.

2. According to the abstract of study of "Obesity and vascular risk factors at midlife and the risk of dementia and Alzheimer disease" by Kivipelto M, Ngandu T, Fratiglioni L, Viitanen M, Kåreholt I, Winblad B, Helkala EL, Tuomilehto J, Soininen H, Nissinen A., posted in PubMed, researchers found that Obesity at midlife is associated with an increased risk of dementia and AD later in life. Clustering of vascular risk factors increases the risk in an additive manner. The role of weight reduction for the prevention of dementia needs to be further investigated.

3. In a study of "Central obesity and increased risk of dementia more than three decades later" by Whitmer RA, Gustafson DR, Barrett-Connor E, Haan MN, Gunderson EP, Yaffe K., posted in PubMed, researchers found that Central obesity in midlife increases risk of dementia independent of diabetes and cardiovascular comorbidities. Fifty percent of adults have central obesity; therefore, mechanisms linking central obesity to dementia need to be unveiled.

4. According to the study of "Obesity in middle age and future risk of dementia: a 27 year longitudinal population based study" by Whitmer RA, Gunderson EP, Barrett-Connor E, Quesenberry CP Jr, Yaffe K., posted in PubMed, researchers found that Obesity in middle age increases the risk of future dementia independently of comorbid conditions.

5. In a study of "Measures of adiposity and dementia risk in elderly persons" by Luchsinger JA, Patel B, Tang MX, Schupf N, Mayeux R.posted in PubMed, researchers found that Compared with persons in the first quartile of BMI, persons in the third quartile had a lower dementia and Alzheimer disease risk and persons in the second quartile had a lower DAS risk. The association between BMI and dementia resembled a U shape in those younger than 76 years, while dementia risk decreased with higher BMI in those 76 years and older. The fourth quartile of waist circumference was related to a higher DAS risk in the whole sample, and to dementia and Alzheimer disease in persons younger than 76 years. Weight loss was related to a higher dementia and DAS risk, and weight gain was related to a higher DAS risk only.

6. Etc.

E. Treatments of Obesity and Dementia
1. In a study of "Strength training as a countermeasure to aging muscle and chronic disease?" by Hurley BF, Hanson ED, Sheaff AK., posted in PubMed, researchers wrote that There is no evidence that ST can reverse any of the major biological or behavioural outcomes of Alzheimer's disease, but there is evidence that the prevalence of this disease is inversely associated with muscle mass and strength. Some indicators of cognitive function may also improve with ST. Thus, ST is an effective countermeasure for some of the adverse effects experienced by patients of many chronic diseases, as discussed in this review.

2. According to the study of "[Course modifying therapy of Alzheimer's dementia]" [Article in German] by Heneka MT., posted in PubMed, researchers found that the therapy of risk factors including arterial hypertension and obesity in midlife as well as a Mediterranean diet currently provides the highest chance of modifying the course of the disease.

3. In the abstract of "Gender differences in dementia risk factors" by Azad NA, Al Bugami M, Loy-English I., posted in PubMed, researchers found that It remains critical that large prospective clinical trials be designed to assess the effect of optimum management of vascular risk factors on cognitive functioning and dementia as the primary outcome, and include women and men in numbers adequate for assessment of gender effects.

4.Etc.
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