Cardiovascular disease is defined as medical conditions affecting the cardiovascular system, including heart, blood vessels(arteries and veins).
I. Coronary heart disease
Coronary heart disease is defined as a condition of narrowing coronary arteries that lead to blockage of the blood flow in the arteries as a result of hardening arterial wall, cholesterol building up in the arteries, chemicals, such as cadmium clog up arteries, etc. affecting the small blood vessels that supply blood and oxygen to the heart. Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death in the United States.
C. Diagnosis and tests
1. Coronary angiography
Coronary angiography is an imaging test that uses a
special dye (contrast material) and x-rays to see see inside the
arteries and how blood flows through your heart with the a mild
sedative to help you relax.
2. Computed Tomography angiography
A noninvasive way 3D technique with a contrast material
to produce pictures of major blood vessels throughout the body with the
use of x-rays with catheters, or computed tomography (CT) or
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
3. Echocardiogram
Echocardiogram also known as cardiac ECHO is a is an ultrasound technique used for visualizing the structures of the heart.
4. Electrocardiogram (ECG)
The electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a diagnostic tool
that is routinely used to assess the electrical and muscular functions
of the heart. While it is a relatively simple test to perform, the
interpretation of the ECG tracing requires significant amounts of
training.(26)
6. Exercise stress test
An exercise stress test such as walk or run on a treadmill or pedal a stationary bike is a screening tool used to test how your heart function under exercise stress.
7. Heart CT scan
Heart CT scan is a computed tomography (CT) scan of the
heart with the use of uses x-rays to create detailed pictures of the
heart and its blood vessels.
8. Magnetic resonance angiography
Magnetic resonance angiography is an MRIto produce image blood vessels for examination.
9. Nuclear stress test
A nuclear stress is a nuclear imaging method to measure
blood flow to your heart muscle both at rest and during stress on the
heart.
10. Etc.
Some researchers suggested that pattern-recognition techniques applied to proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectra of human serum can correctly diagnose not only the presence, but also the severity, of coronary heart disease.
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