Sunday, 3 November 2013

Chinese Herbs– Shan Yao or Huai Shan (Radix Dioscoreae Oppositae)

Shan Yao is also known as Chinese wild yam. The sweet and neutral herb has been used in TCM as anti aging, lower blood sugar and blood pressure, antibiotic, anti-inflammatory agent and to tpromote urination, improve digestive system, etc., as it tonifies Qi, nourishes Yin, tonifies the Spleen, the Lungs,  the Kidneys, etc. by enhancing the functions of kidney, lung and spleen channels.

Ingredients
1. Diosgenin
2. Saponin
3. Choline
4. Glycoprotein
5. Amino acid
6. d-abscisin II
7. 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine
8.  Phytic acid
9. Etc.


Health Benefits
1. Lipid metabolism and cecal fermentation
In the study to examine the effects of raw Chinese yam (Dioscorea opposita), containing resistant starch (RS), on lipid metabolism and cecal fermentation in rats. Raw yam (RY) and boiled yam (BY) contained 33.9% and 6.9% RS, respectively, showed that raw yam is effective as a source of RS and facilitates production of short chain fatty acid (SCFA), especially butyrate, in the rat cecum. In addition, RY has a plasma-cholesterol lowering effect, possibly due to the inhibited release of VLDL(1).
2.  Biocontrol agent 
In the study to investigate whether a plant chitinase can be used as a biocontrol agent instead of chemical fungicides by spraying chitinase E (family 19; class IV) from a yam (Dioscorea opposita Thunb) alone or together with beta-1,3-glucanase directly onto the surface of a powdery mildew infecting strawberry berries and leaves, indicated that this kind of plant chitinase might be safe and biodegradable biocontrol agent for use instead of conventional fungicides(2).
3. Reno- and hepatoprotective effects 
In the evaluate  the protective effects of the crude extract of huai-shan-yao on acute kidney and liver injuries in rats induced by ethanol, showed that pharmacological, biochemical and pathologic observations all showed that rats treated with the extract of huai-shan-yao had decreased damage in renal tubules as well as decreased inflammation in the central vein and necrosis in the liver tissue(3).
4. Insulin resistance
In the study of  the effects of Dioscorea opposita (huai shan yao, HSY) on dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance were investigated in vitro and in vivo, showed that D. opposita extract reduced significantly the blood insulin and glucose levels in dexamethasone-induced diabetic rats. In vitro, HSY significantly enhanced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Moreover, HSY increase the mRNA expression of GLUT4 glucose transporter in 3T3-L1 adipocytes(4).
5. Etc.

Side Effects
1. Do not use the herb in cases of liver yang ascending and urination difficulty as a result of urinary tract infection
2. Do not use the herb in newborn, children or if you are pregnant or breast feeding without first consulting with the related field specialist.
3. Etc.

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Back to Popular Chinese Herbs  http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/chinese-herbs.html
 
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Sources
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Rhizoma%20Sophorae%20subprostratae
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16783704
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16810764
Sources
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22293211 
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12619703
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12568288
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17084991

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