Sunday 3 November 2013

Chinese Herbs – San Leng (Rhizoma Sparganii Stoloniferi)

San Leng is also known as Burreed Rhizome. The acrid, bitter and neutral herb has been used in TCM to promote blood clots, inhibit thrombosis, lower the  blood viscosity, etc. as it breaks up the Blood,  eliminates Blood accumulation, moves Qi. calms pain, etc. by enhancing the functions of liver and spleen channels.

Ingredients
1. benzeneethanol
2. 1,4-benzenediol
3. Hexadecanoic acid
4. Dehydrocostuslactone
5. 3,4-dihydro-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1H-2-benzopyran-4-one
6. 1-hydroxy-2-acetyl-4-methylbenzene
7. β-elemene
8.  2- furanmethanol
9. 2-acetylpyrrole
10. Etc.

Health Benefits
1. Antioxidant Activities
In an efficient ultrasound-assisted extraction technique was employed to extract total flavonoids from Sparganii rhizoma, indicate that the antioxidant activities of the purified flavonoids including DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS<sup>+</sup> radical scavenging activity, reducing power, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and superoxide anion scavenging activity, were evaluated<em> in vitro</em>, which suggested that the flavonoids showed significant antioxidant activities. Rutin, kaempferol and formononetin were identified in the extract by comparing relative retention times and UV-Vis spectra with those of reference standards(1).
2. Anti-angiogenesis and anti-estrogen pharmacologic activities
In the studied Rhizoma Sparganii (RS) potential toxicity on reproduction in mice, indicated that he offspring of treated mice (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg RS extract) during their pregnancy had various pathological conditions, suggesting an abnormal fibroblast growth factor-(FGF) signaling phenomenon during pregnancy. Embryos from the 400 mg/kg group had significantly depressed levels of FGF-1 (P < 0.01) and VEGF (P < 0.05) expression levels as compared to controls by immunohistochemical test. Dysplasia in the heart (12.9%), craniofacial region (18.3%) and vertebrae (32.5%) presented in embryos of the 400 mg/kg group. Furthermore, the ER-α expression was inversely proportional to FGF-1 levels in the same embryo (P < 0.01) and concluded that these results implicate a FGF signaling abnormality in vivo and indicate that RS has anti-angiogenesis and anti-estrogen toxicity effects in pregnant rodents(2).
3. Primary dysmenorrhea of excess syndrome
In the study of patients with primary dysmenorrhea of excess syndrome were randomly divided into an application group and a medication group. The application group of 31 cases were treated with application of Chinese medicine composed of Zhinanxing (Rhizoma Arisaematis), Sanleng (Rhizoma Sparganii), Ezhu (Rhizoma Zedoariae), etc. at Zhongji (CV 3), Guanyuan (CV 4), Qihai (CV 6); and the medication group of 30 cases were treated with oral administration of Tianqi Tongjing Capsules, found that the total effective rate of 93.5% in the application group was significantly better than 73.3% in the medication group (P < 0.05); after treatment, the scores of the symptoms were significantly decreased in the two groups (both P < 0.01), with more obvious improvement in the application group than the medication group (P < 0.01). The PGE2 content was significantly increased, and the PGF2alpha content and PGF2alpha/PGE2 were significantly decreased in the application group (all P < 0.01)(3).
4. Hepatic cells
In the investigation of  the effects of rhizoma sparganii and radices zedoariae on hepatic fibrosis, showed that Rhizoma sparganii and radices zedoariae can protect hepatic cells, alleviate degeneration and necrosis, recover structure and function, and reduce the proliferation of fibrous tissue(4).
5. Etc.
Side Effects
1. Do not use the herb in case of spleen deficiency without blood stasis
2. Do not use the herb in newborn, children or if you are pregnant or breast feeding without first consulting with the related field specialist.
3. Etc.
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Sources
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22664466
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21878384
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19565730
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12776535

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