I. Definition
A nutritional supplement is also known as a food supplement, it is
defined as a form of food supplement which is prepared with the
intention of providing nutrients for people who for what ever reason are
found to have a nutritional supplement deficiency, such as vitamins,
minerals, fiber, fatty acids,amino acids, etc. Many countries define
nutritional supplements as foods, while in others they are defined as
drugs.
II. Types of nutritional supplement and how they help to treat autism
A. Vitamins
a) Vitamin A
Vitamin A helps to prevent the forming of free radical and improve
immune function. It is an important vitamin, because most children with
autism have weakened immune system, it is said that vitamin A helps to
support immune memory and improve eye contact and behaviour of children
with autism, if taking together with vitamin D.
b) Vitamin B complex
Vitamin B complex is a family
vitamin, including thiamine (B1), riboflavin (B2), niacin (B3),
pantothenic acid (B5), pyridoxine (B6) , folic acid (B9) cyanocobalamin
(B12) and choline. They work together to enhance function of the others,
therefore deficiency of one B vitamin may reduce the effectiveness of
the others. Vitamin B complex helps to improve function of nervous
system and glands by creating enzymes needed by the brain.
i) Vitamin B1
Besides assisting the proper functioning of the heart, it also helps
to improve the brain and central nerve system cells' function in
transmitting information. Study shows that vitamins B1 helps to improve
test scores for children with autism. It can be found in Green, leafy
vegetables, including spinach and peas.
ii) Vitamin B2
Besides it is important for helps for building healthy DNA, it also
helps to improve mental function and control stress by increasing the
production of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase which is a rare
genetic defect in some children with autism.
iii) Vitamin B3
Besides it is important for the production energy metabolism, it also
helps to increases cerebral blood flow, thereby decreasing the risks of
nervous symptoms such as emotional problems, irritability, memory loss,
etc.
iv) Vitamin B6
It is said that vitamin B6 decreases behavioural problems, improves eye contact and attention span, and learning ability for children with autism, if working together with magnesium.
v) Folic acid
Folic acid also known as vitamin B9, it is vital in maintaining
healthy brain, cell production and DNA duplication. Most children with
autism are found to have folic acid deficiency, resulting in
neurological problems, including slow thinking, depression, memory loss and digestive disorder.
vi) Vitamin B 12
Besides helping to improve the absorption of all essential nutrients
into the body, it also enhances the proper function of the nervous
system and the brain to work as they should, thereby decreasing the
risks of nervous symptoms, including developmental regression, memory
problems, slow thinking, anxiety and depression.
c) Vitamin C
Besides best known for its antioxidant in fighting against the
forming of free radicals and bacteria and virus, it is also crucial to
brain function. Some studies show that vitamin C helps to remove toxins
from our body as well as heavy metals accumulated in the brain. In some
studies vitamin C increases the IQ scores in normal and Down's children
and decreases confusion and depression for children with autism.
d) Vitamin E
Study shows that vitamin E helps to improve verbal speech for children with autism, if taking together with Omega 3 fatty acid.
B. Minerals
a) Magnesium
Magnesium is vital for the proper functioning of brain and muscle
cells. Study shows that magnesium has a significant positive effects on behavior
in children with autism if taking together with vitamin B6. Magnesium
can be found abundantly green vegetables, seeds, nuts, and whole grains.
b) Zinc picolinate
Zinc is not only important for lower elevated levels of other
minerals such as copper, it also helps to improve the function of
nervous system and gastrointestinal tract, thereby decreasing the risk
of nervous tension and increasing the digestive system in absorbing
vital vitamins and minerals.
c) Calcium
It besides is a very important mineral for strong bone, it also plays
an important role in neurological function in transmitting messages.
Deficiency of calcium causes nervous tension, resulting in unpleasant
dispositions, temper tantrums, muscles twitch and spasms, restless and
insomnia.
d) Selenium
Selenium besides is one of essential enzymes, preventing the forming
of free radical in the brain cells, it also is vital for for the
production of glutathione which helps to eliminate the toxic metals and
other harmful man made chemicals in our body.
e) Sulfates
Most children with autism have low or no ability to convert compounds
to sulfate, leading to inability of the body in protect itself against
environmental chemicals and some chemicals produced within the body,
leading to nervous tension as resulting of environment toxins
accumulated in some parts of the body.
g) Iodine
Iodine is vital for regulating the normal function of thyroid gland
and preventing mental retardation. Most children with autism are found
to have iodine deficiency, leading to behaviour problems.
f) Potassium
Some children with autism may experience low muscle tone as resulting
of deficiency of low levels of potassium in the body, or inability of
the body in absorbing potassium because of low levels of magnesium.
C. Other supplements
a) Taurine
Taurine is one amino acid which not only helps to calm the brain and
inhibits the excitation of nerve cells, it also helps to blocks the
excito-toxic effects of glutamate and aspartate, resulting in lessening
the risk of extremely hyperactive and regression.
b) Glutamine
It is a precursor to the antioxidant glutathoine. Besides helping to
prevent excessive cells oxidation, thus decreasing the risk of abnormal
transmitting information of brain cells due to impaired cellular
membranes, it also improves the digestive enzyme and probiotics to the
gastrointestinal tract, thereby restoring the integrity of the digestive
system.
c) Glutathione
Glutathione is found in the liver, it helps the liver to detoxify
many harmful compounds through the bile secretion. Beside helping to
protect our body against cells oxygen oxidation and increase the
neorological function, it also replenishes the gastrointestine tract.
d) Carosine
It is said that carosine helps to enhance neurological function, including behavior,
language, eye contact and speech. Studies shows that intake of carosine
helps to improve the brain in controlling emotion, epileptic activity,
cognitive, expressive speech, and abstract thinking for some children
with autism.
e) Melatonin
Melatonin is a type of hormone which is produced by our brain to make
us falling to sleep and normally used as sleep aid medicine for
children. Since most children with autism having behavior
problem, including sleep disturbance, melatonin improves the
combination of better sleep, better control of biological rhythms and
high anti-oxidant effect. No matter how good, it is, it is still a types
of hormone, please consult with the children doctors before applying.
f) DMSA
DMSA is an oral chelating agent that helps to remove mercury and
other metals from the body, including toxic heavy metals in the brain,
resulting in improvement in social reciprocity for children with autism.
g) Coenzyme Q 10
Coenzyme Q 10 besides is important in maintaining a healthy immune
system, it also helps improve the neurological functions by getting more
oxygen to the brain and central nervous system, resulting in increasing
energy as resulting of of the ATP energy cycle and improving mental
alertness.
h) Essential Fatty Acids
Essential fatty acids Omega 3 and Omega 6, besides helping to
maintain the normal function of brain cells, and decreasing the
cholesterol in the blood stream. it also places an important role in
enhancing the attention spans and improving concentration for children
with autism. Essential fatty acids Omega 3 and 6 can be found in cold
water fish, flax seed oil, olive oil and nuts and seeds.
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