Omega-3 Fatty Acids, The Promising Treatment for Neoplastic Diseases

By Kyle J. Norton

Cancer is a class of diseases characterized by cell growth and multiplied disorderly and uncontrollably. In the advanced stage, cancerous cells from the originated site can travel a distance away to infect other healthy tissue via lymph or blood circulation.

Most cancers process a high survival rate if they are diagnosed early. According to the Mayo Clinic, over 56 percent of people diagnosed with early-stage lung cancer live for at least five years after diagnosis. However, the five-year survival rate for people diagnosed with late-stage of invasive lung cancer is 5 %.

According to the statistic of Canadian cancer provided by the government, in 2017, there were over 200,000 newly diagnosed cancer and 80,000 Canadian died from cancer. 1 in 2 Canadians will be diagnosed with cancer, and 1 in 4 will die from the disease, during their lifetime.

The exact cause of cancers is unknown. Researchers do not know why some people without gene mutation are susceptible to early onset of cancer while others do not

However, researchers do know that certain risk factors such as aging, tobacco, sun exposure, radiation exposure, chemicals, and other substances, some viruses and bacteria, certain hormones, family history of cancer, alcohol, poor diet, physical inactivity are associated to gene change in the initiation of cancer development.

Most cancers share the common symptoms of tiredness, unexplained weight loss, loss of appetite, fatigue. In advance stage, cancer patients may also experience additional common symptoms of dehydration, nausea and vomiting, constipation and persistent pain.

Neoplastic diseases are conditions that cause tumor growth, including benign and invasive.

Benign tumors are noncancerous. The condition mostly grows slowly and can't spread to other tissues. 

Invasive or malignant tumors are cancerous that can grow slowly or quickly.

Antineoplastics are agents that prevent, inhibit or halt the development of a neoplasm.

Omega-3 fatty acids are phytochemicals in the class of lipids, found abundantly in deepsea fisk, dark-green leafy vegetables, grains, legumes, nuts, etc.

The three main components of Omega-3 fatty acids are alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).

On finding a potential phytochemical for the prevention of cancer, researchers developed a ω-3 PUFA-containing nanoformulations for the protection from degradation and increasing its bioavailability on target tissues.

According to the tested analysis,

*  ω-3 PUFAs and their bioactive derivatives increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and iron found in cancer cells, as well as to the reported reduced glutathione (GSH) cellular depletion.

In other words, ω-3 PUFAs pro-oxidative activity induced the cytotoxicity in cancer cells. Furthermore, this activity of  the peroxidation of intracellular membranes lead to lysosomal, mitochondrial, and nuclear disruption, and, lastly, cell death.

* In rats, in rats bearing transplanted orthotopic hepatocarcinoma, ω-3 PUFAs markedly reduced tumor growth by altering redox balance and inducing tumor cell death.

* Additionally, DHA enclosed in these particles also induce a recently described regulated type of necrotic cell death called ferroptosis in liver cancer cells.

based on the finding, researchers said, " the co-presence of tuftsin and ω-3 PUFAs inside the same nanoliposomes is significant since ω-3 PUFAs also show... antineoplastic activities..., and their possible applications in the field of cancer immunotherapy have been recently suggested. "

Taken altogether, Omega-3 fatty acids found abundantly in fish oil and plant oil may be considered a functional food for the prevention of neoplastic diseases, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of Omega-3 fatty acids in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.


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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Nanomedicine-based formulations containing ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: potential application in cardiovascular and neoplastic diseases by Serini S1,2, Cassano R3, Trombino S3, Calviello G. (PubMed)
(2) Xanthan gum-based materials for omega-3 PUFA delivery: Preparation, characterization and antineoplastic activity evaluation by Trombino S1, Serini S2, Cassano R3, Calviello G. (PubMed)