Green Peas (Pisum Sativum), the Potential Anti Colitis Health Food

By Kyle J. Norton

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) refers to a set of disorders that involve chronic inflammation of your digestive tract, including the most common types such as

* Ulcerative colitis affects the innermost lining of your large intestine (colon) and rectum.

* Crohn's disease affects mostly the colon and the last part of the small intestine (ileum).

Colitis is a condition of inflammation of the large intestine, including the colon, caecum, and rectum.

There is no exact cause of colitis. Certain risk factors such as colon infection, inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis), ischemic colitis, allergic reactions, and microscopic colitis have been found to increase the risk of the condition.

The most common symptoms of colitis are totally depending on the types, including abdominal pain, cramping, diarrhea, with or without blood in the stool.

Conventionally, colitis caused by infection is treated by antibiotics. However, treatment of non-infection colitis is focusing on symptoms relief, supportive care, and maintaining adequate hydration and pain control.

The most common tools used for the colitis diagnosis are X-rays of the colon, testing the stool for blood and pus, sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy.

The statistics provided by a study from the Medscape, suggested, "Internationally, the incidence of IBD is approximately 0.5-24.5 cases per 100,000 person-years for ulcerative colitis and 0.1-16 cases per 100,000 person-years for Crohn disease. Overall, the prevalence of IBD is 396 cases per 100,000 persons annually".

Green peas are species of Pisum Sativum belongings to the family Fabaceae and native to western Asia from the Mediterranean Sea to the Himalaya Mountains. The pea is a green, pod-shaped vegetable and a cool-season crop grown in many parts of the world.

On finding a potent ingredient for the treatment of diseases associated with a colonic inflammation, researchers investigated the impact of green pea (GP) supplementation on the susceptibility of high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. 

The study included 6-week-old C57BL/6J female mice induced colitis was induced by adding 2.5% DSS in drinking water for 7 days followed by a 7-day recovery period that was fed a 45% HFD or HFD supplemented with 10% GP, after 7-week dietary supplementation.

According to the tested analysis, the administration of GP supplementation ameliorated the disease activity index score in HFD-fed mice during the recovery stage, and reduced neutrophil infiltration associated immune responses.

Furthermore,  the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines involved in the mRNA expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and inflammatory markers interleukin (IL)-6, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), IL-17, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in HFD-fed mice was significantly decreased by the injection of GP.

Moreover, levels of mucin 2 produced from goblet cells in the epithelial lining into the lumen of the large intestine to protect the intestinal epithelium also increased in GP mice.

Additionally, GP ameliorated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress involved in the mediation of a pro-inflammatory synergy in the colon.

Based on the results, scientists said, " GP supplementation ameliorated the severity of DSS-induced colitis in HFD-fed mice, which was associated with the suppression of inflammation, mucin depletion, and ER stress in the colon".

Taken altogether, green peas may be considered a functional food for the prevention of colitis,  pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Dietary Green Pea Protects against DSS-Induced Colitis in Mice Challenged with High-Fat Diet by Shima Bibi, Luís Fernando de Sousa Moraes, Noelle Lebow, and Mei-Jun Zhu. (PMC)
(2) What is the global prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)? by William A Rowe, MD; Chief Editor: BS Anand, MD. (Medscape)