Carotenoids Inhibit the Risk and Progression of Chronic Low-Grade Systemic Inflammation

By Kyle J. Norton

Inflammation is a natural defense of the immune system that protects the body against the insult from the foreign invasion.

Acute inflammation occurs quickly or within the hours and lasts a few days or weeks and the damaged tissues are healed themselves after all pathogens are killed off.

However, if the immune system can not completely eradicate all invaders in the acute phase of infection, it will compromise, leading to chronic low-grade inflammation, a major cause of cardiovascular disease, arthritis, and diabetes.

Chronic inflammation is a low-grade inflammation caused by the inability of the immune system to eliminate the invasive pathogens that occurred in the acute phase of infection.

Any inflammation that lasts more than 8 weeks is considered chronic inflammation.

Believe it or not, worldwide, 3 of 5 death are results from chronic inflammatory diseases like stroke, chronic respiratory diseases, heart disorders, cancer, obesity, and diabetes.

In the US, chronic inflammatory diseases affect more than 50 million Americans each year.

Diseases associated with low-grade inflammation include diabetes and cardiovascular obesity, depression, and chronic pain.

Conventionally, Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most common medical drugs such as aspirin. ibuprofen in reducing inflammation associated with pain-relieving.

Tocopherols are phytochemicals of which many have vitamin E activity, belonging to the group of Lipids, found abundantly in butter, egg yolk, milk fat, some vegetable, and seed or nut oils, etc.

On finding a potential phytochemical for the treatment of chronic diseases, researchers examined the relationship between dietary patterns, circulating carotenoid and tocopherol concentrations, and biomarkers of chronic low-grade systemic inflammation in a 10-year longitudinal study of Scottish postmenopausal women.

According to the assessment of FFQ during 1997-2000 (n 3237, mean age 54·8 (SD 2·2) years). Participants (n 2130, mean age 66·0 (SD 2·2) years) returned during 2007-11 for follow-up, 

* The past 'prudent' dietary pattern showed a decrease of serum concentrations of hs-CRP and IL-6 (which decreased across the quintiles of the dietary pattern; P= 0·002 and P= 0·001, respectively; ANCOVA), 

* The Inflammatory biomarker concentrations were decreased markedly across the quintiles of carotenoids component score (P< 0·001 for hs-CRP and IL-6, and P= 0·016 for E-selectin, compared to the increase of inflammatory biomarkers in contemporary dietary patterns.

* More precisely, prudent dietary pattern and carotenoid component scores were negatively associated with serum hs-CRP concentration (unstandardised β for prudent component: -0·053, 95% CI -0·102, -0·003; carotenoid component: -0·183, 95% CI -0·233, -0·134).

Where, a prudent dietary pattern (which reflects a diet high in the intakes of fish, yogurt, pulses, rice, pasta, and wine, in addition to fruit and vegetable-rich with carotenoids diet.

In other words, the prudent diet with rich of carotenoids is associated with a reduced risk of chronic inflammatory diseases.

Taken altogether, carotenoids may be considered an adjunct therapy in the treatment of diseases associated with chronic low-grade inflammation, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of tocopherols in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.


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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Patterns of dietary intake and serum carotenoid and tocopherol status are associated with biomarkers of chronic low-grade systemic inflammation and cardiovascular risk by Wood AD1, Strachan AA1, Thies F1, Aucott LS1, Reid DM1, Hardcastle AC2, Mavroeidi A3, Simpson WG1, Duthie GG4, Macdonald HM. (PubMed)