Thursday 13 February 2020

Tocopherols, the Natural Anti-hypercholesterolemic Phytochemicals

By Kyle J. Norton

The liver is a large internal organ of the human body that protects us by filtering the blood that comes from the digestive system before passing to other parts of the body.

In other words, if the liver was damaged due to toxicity, the blood will be toxic, affecting the function of all organs and tissues in the body.

The liver also produces cholesterol, a waxy substance which aids digestion, builds cell membranes and produces vitamin D and steroid hormones.

Cholesterol found in our body is needed for our body to build cell walls, hormones, and vitamin D, and create bile salts that aid digestion. However, too much of them, in most cases due to the intake of animal protein can cause plaques built up on the arterial wall, the major cause of heart disease and stroke.

More precisely, if levels of low-density lipoprotein are high compared to high-density lipoprotein which returns the accessed cholesterol back to the liver, you have high blood cholesterol.

In other words, healthy blood cholesterol is any level with either less than or equal to 4 (low-density lipoprotein/ 1 (high-density lipoprotein).

According to the statistics, in 2015-2016, by age and gender, a total of 12.4 percent of adults aged 20 years and over had high cholesterol in the United States.

Hypercholesterolemia is a condition characterized by abnormally high levels of cholesterol in the bloodstream.

In other words, the condition is caused by either overexpression of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) or low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL).

Similar to high blood pressure, people with hypercholesterolemia are asymptomatic. Patients with familial hyper cholesterol may experience symptoms of chest pain with activity. xanthomas, and cholesterol deposits around the eyelids.

The most common complications associated with uncontrolled hypercholesterolemia are carotid artery disease, coronary heart disease, including angina or heart attack, peripheral artery disease, and stroke.

Tocopherols are phytochemicals of which many have vitamin E activity, belonging to the group of Lipids, found abundantly in butter, egg yolk, milk fat, some vegetable, and seed or nut oils, etc.

On finding a potential phytochemical for the treatment of diseases associated with high blood cholesterol, researchers examined the antioxidant defense activity of alpha-tocopherol in familial hypercholesterolemia and the effects of lipoprotein apheresis.

The study included a group of hypercholesterolemic patients (n = 14) that were treated by lipoprotein apheresis was compared to healthy adult normolipidemic controls to induce the decrease of tocopherol in serum and lipoprotein fractions with no change of the content of in membrane alpha-tocopherol.

According to the analysis of a simple isocratic reversed-phase HPLC method that has been developed and validated for the determination of alpha-tocopherol in human erythrocytes in a clinical setting, alpha-tocopherol significantly decreased lipoperoxidation as revealed by serum TBARS, representing end products of lipid peroxidation which increased from third day afterward and remained significantly higher in comparison to controls until the next LDL-apheresis.

More precisely, the phytochemical demonstrated an aggressive lipid-lowering procedure with lipoprotein apheresis associated with a favorable transient decrease of lipoperoxidation.

In other words, alpha-tocopherol inhibited the lipoperoxidation in the induction of hypercholesterolemia in the tested patients through its antioxidant activity.
 
After talking about other factors into account, researchers said, "Simultaneously the cell membrane-bound antioxidative defense mechanisms as reflected by the content of alpha-tocopherol in human erythrocyte membrane were not depressed in spite of its decreased plasma lipid carrier".

Taken altogether, tocopherols may be considered an adjunct therapy in the prevention and treatment of hypercholesterolemia, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of tocopherols in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.


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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Antioxidant defense system in familial hypercholesterolemia and the effects of lipoprotein apheresis by Blaha V1, Blaha M2, Solichová D3, Krčmová LK3, Lánská M2, Havel E3, Vyroubal P3, Zadák Z3, Žák P2, Sobotka L. (PubMed)

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