Unripe Papaya Whole Food Which Averts The Onset of Diabetes, Scientists Found

By Kyle J. Norton

Papaya may be used as a functional food to inhibit early onset and treatment of diabetes, some scientists suggested.

Diabetes is a medical and chronic condition characterized by abnormally high levels of sugar (glucose) in the blood caused by pancreas inability in produced insulin.

In other words, diabetes is a result of absence or insufficient production of insulin by the pancreas. The condition is also caused by the inability of the body to properly use of insulin, leading to insulin resistance.

According to the statistic produced by the Canadian Diabetes Association, approximately, 17%
of Canadian, over 12 years of age are diagnosed with diabetes.

Interestingly, diabetes affects both genders up to age 64. The prevalence does not increase significantly for those aged 65 and older.

Unlike type 1 diabetes which is caused by the immune system attacking the cells in the pancreas that make insulin, leading to the body without enough insulin to function normally, type 2 diabetes is caused by unhealthy diet and lifestyle.

Obesity and increasing age are 2 of many risk factors that can elevate the risk of type 2 diabetes. 

Symptoms of type 1 and 2 diabetes, according to Medicine Net include increased urine output, excessive thirst, weight loss, hunger, fatigue, skin problems slow-healing wounds, yeast infections,..... and tingling or numbness in the feet or toes(6).

If you experience some of the above symptoms, please see a doctor to rule out the possibility.

Papaya is a species of Carica Papaya, belongings to the family Caricaceae and native to the tropics of the Americas, and was first cultivated in Mexico and several centuries


Chemical constituents
Alkaloids, Cardenolides, Anthraquinones, Saponins, Tannin, phenol, flavonoid, anthocyanin, Benzyl glucosinolate, benzylisothiocyanate, 5-(Hydroxymethyl)-2-furancarboxaldehyde, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one and 1,3-dihydroxy-2-propanone, etc.(a).


Water extract from papaya isolated from unripe pawpaw (Carica papaya Linn) fruit, exerted a significant effect in inhibition of enzymes, α-amylase and α-glucosidase that linked to type 2 diabetes, in sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-induced lipid peroxidation mice model and a dose-dependent manner(1).

Combination of the flesh, seed, and peel in equal amounts produced the highest inhibitory effect on α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities compared to other preparations.

Dr. Oboh G, the lead authors in the study said, "Strong inhibitory activities of the unripe pawpaw fruit against key enzymes linked to type 2 diabetes and SNP-induced lipid peroxidation in rat pancreas could be part of the mechanism by which unripe pawpaw is used in the management/prevention of diabetes mellitus in folk medicine"(1).

Truly, in the preparation of individual aqueous extract of the unripe pawpaw fruit parts; peel (PG), seed (SG), flesh (FG), flesh with peel (FPG) and a combination of equal amount of all parts (CG), the Federal University of Technology at the end of experiment indicated that on Fe²⁺-induced lipid peroxidation in rat pancreas, application of the prepared extracts phenolic compounds inhibited oxidative stress through their antioxidant activities(2).

According to Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco (UJAT), unripe papaya preparations not only exert hypoglycemic effects in both animals and humans studies but also help islet regeneration,   preservation of cell size and prevented hepatocyte disruption(3).

In fact, the aqueous extract of Carica papaya also significantly decreased blood glucose levels in diabetic rats and decreased cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and amino-transferases blood levels without changing the levels of plasma insulin levels in diabetic rats(4).

 In short-term supplementation of a fermented papaya, showed to exhibit its effect in the management of diabetes and for those at risk for cardiovascular disease, neurological disease and other conditions worsened by overt inflammation and oxidative stress(5).

These findings suggested that all parts of unripe papaya have a strong and profound effect in inhibition of diabetic onset and treatment of type 2 diabetes.

However, a large sample size and multi-center clinical trial on human consumption on the course of the disease onset are necessary to confirm the unripe papaya anti-diabetes possibility.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

References
(a) Chemical composition and bioactivity of dried fruits and honey of Ficus carica cultivars Dottato, San Francesco and Citrullara by Loizzo MR1, Bonesi M, Pugliese A, Menichini F, Tundis R.(PubMed)
(1) Inhibition of key enzymes linked to type 2 diabetes and sodium nitroprusside-induced lipid peroxidation in rat pancreas by water-extractable phytochemicals from unripe pawpaw fruit (Carica papaya). by Oboh G, Olabiyi AA, Akinyemi AJ, Ademiluyi AO.(PubMed)
(2) Inhibitory effect of aqueous extract of different parts of unripe pawpaw (Carica papaya) fruit on Fe²⁺-induced oxidative stress in rat pancreas in vitro by Oboh G1, Olabiyi AA, Akinyemi AJ.(PubMed)
(3) Hypoglycemic effect of Carica papaya leaves in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by Juárez-Rojop IE1, Díaz-Zagoya JC, Ble-Castillo JL, Miranda-Osorio PH, Castell-Rodríguez AE, Tovilla-Zárate CA, Rodríguez-Hernández A, Aguilar-Mariscal H, Ramón-Frías T, Bermúdez-Ocaña DY.(PubMed)
(4) Antihyperglycemic and hypolipidemic activities of aqueous extract of Carica papaya Linn. leaves in alloxan-induced diabetic rats by Maniyar Y1, Bhixavatimath P(PubMed)
(5) Effects of a short term supplementation of a fermented papayapreparation on biomarkers of diabetes mellitus in a randomized Mauritian population by Somanah J1, Aruoma OI, Gunness TK, Kowelssur S, Dambala V, Murad F, Googoolye K, Daus D, Indelicato J, Bourdon E, Bahorun T.(PubMed)
(6) Diabetes Symptoms, (Type 1 and Type 2) by Medicine Net