Holistic Health Articles and Research Related to Herbal Medicines, Foods and Phytochemicals

Thursday 18 April 2019

Herbal Ginger, The Natural Treatment for Dementia with No Side Effects

By Kyle J. Norton

Dementia is the medical condition characterized by the loss of mental ability, that is severe enough to interfere with people's every life. Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia in aging people.

According to the statistics, about 5-8% of all people over the age of 65 have some form of dementia, and this number doubles every five years and above that age.

The causes of dementia are associated with the gradual loss of neurons. Researchers do not know the exact causes of the death of neurons. Neither, they know why people with the same health condition in the same family, some are prone to the disease onset while others do not.

However, they do know certain risk factors are associated with the development of dementia, including

* The increase in age is the strongest known risk factor for dementia.

* Gender

Women are more likely to develop Alzheimer’s disease than men.

* Ethnicity

Western people are more likely to develop dementia than people who live in Southeast Asia.

* Long-term use of medication

* Certain medical conditions such as diabetes, high blood glucose and cholesterol, and obesity.

Out of the many risk factors involved the incidence of dementia, aging probably is one of the major cause of the disease.

Dr. P Scheltens and colleagues in the evaluation of the risk factors of dementia wrote, "Prevalence estimates vary highly between studies. These variations may be due to variations in the study population—that is, reflect real differences. For example, age is the most important risk factor for dementia".

And, "In 2000, prevalence data from 11 European population-based studies were pooled to obtain stable estimates of the prevalence of dementia in the elderly (> 65 years)".

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) or ginger root, the second superfood used for thousands of years by mankind, is the genus Zingiber, belonging to the family Zingiberaceae, native to Tamil.

The root has been used in traditional and Chinese medicine for the treatment of dyspepsia, gastroparesis, constipation, edema, difficult urination, colic, etc.

Researchers on finding a natural compound for the treatment of dementia with no side effects examined the traditional medicine use of ginger on dementia.

Epidemiologically, ginger has been known to have disease-modifying effects in Alzheimer's disease (AD).

6-Shogaol, a bioactive compound found in ginger has also recently been shown to process anti-neuroinflammatory effects in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated astrocytes and animal models of Parkinson's disease.

In a mice model, administration of 6-shogaol significantly reduced microgliosis and astrogliosis in intrahippocampal AβO-injected mice.

6-shogaol injection also ameliorated AβO and scopolamine-induced memory impairment by suppressing the production of proinflammatory cytokine and pre- and post-synaptic markers in the hippocampus.

Researchers after taking into account co and confounders wrote, "All these results suggest that 6-shogaol may play a role in inhibiting glial cell activation and reducing memory impairment in animal models of dementia".

Additionally, in order to reveal more information about Ginger rhizome (Zingiber officinale) used for centuries to treat dementia in South Asia, researchers examined the 70% aqueous/methanolic extract of dried ginger (Zo.Cr) on a dementia model.

On isolated rat stomach fundus, Zo.Cr showed a spasmogenic effect (0.03-5.00 mg mL(-1)) and relaxed the tissue at concentrations > or =5 mg mL(-1).

In atropinized (0.1 microM) preparations, Zo.Cr (0.3-3.0 mg mL(-1)) relaxed high K(+) (80 mM)-induced contractions, indicating the disruption of the Ca(++) channel associated with pain.

6-gingerol was the most potent in inhibition of BuChE. BuChE activity progressively in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Take all together, ginger processed a high amount of bioactive compounds may be considered a functional alternative for the prevention and treatment of dementia, pending to the confirmation of large sample size and multicenter human study.

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Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) 6-Shogaol, an active constituent of ginger, attenuates neuroinflammation and cognitive deficits in animal models of dementia by Moon M1, Kim HG2, Choi JG3, Oh H4, Lee PK5, Ha SK6, Kim SY7, Park Y7, Huh Y8, Oh MS. (PubMed)
(2) Muscarinic, Ca(++) antagonist and specific butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of dried ginger extract might explain its use in dementia by Ghayur MN1, Gilani AH, Ahmed T, Khalid A, Nawaz SA, Agbedahunsi JM, Choudhary MI, Houghton PJ. (PubMed)
(3) Risk factors of Dementia by Alzheimer's Society
(4) Epidemiology and risk factors of dementia by W M van der Flier, and P Scheltens. (BMJ Journal)

Bromelain Inhibited Metabolic Factors Associated with Cardiovascular Diseases Developing

By Kyle J. Norton

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a group of medical conditions associated with blood vessels and the heart.

Depending on the location of blood flow is blocked, cardiovascular diseases can be classified into
Heart disease, including
* Heart disease affects heart chambers
Heart failure caused by the heart not pumping as much blood as it should.

* Heart disease affects heart muscles
The heart muscles thickens and becomes stiff, increasing the amount of pressure required to expand for blood flows into the heart or the narrowing of the passage as a result of obstructing blood flow out of the heart.

* Heart disease affects heart valves
These type heart diseases occur when the mitral valve in the heart is narrowing causing the heart to work harder to pump blood from the left atrium into the ventricle.

* Heart disease affecting coronary arteries and coronary veins
The malfunctioning of the heart may be due to heart muscle damage caused by narrowed or blocked arteries.

5. Heart disease affects heart lining
Rheumatic heart disease results from inflammation of the heart lining when too much fluid builds up in the lungs leading to pulmonary congestion.

6. Heart disease affects the electrical system
The electrical system within the heart is responsible for ensuring the heart beats correctly. Any malfunction of the electrical system in the heart causes a fast, slow, or irregular heartbeat.

and stroke, including

* Ischemic stroke caused by a clot or other blockage within an artery leading to the brain.

* Hemorrhagic stroke caused by the vessel in the brain rupturing that leads to blood leaking into the brain.
According to statistics provided by the CDC, approximately, 600,000 people die of heart disease in the US every year, according to 1 in every 4 deaths. Heart disease is the leading cause of death for both men and women.

On the other hand, more than 795,000 people in the United States have a stroke every year, including 610,000 with a first or new stroke. 87% of all strokes are ischemic strokes.

Bromelain, a proteolytic enzyme found in pineapples (Ananas comosus) has been used in traditional medicine as inflammatory agent and to treat pains, strains, and muscle aches and pains and ease back pain and chronic joint pain, skin diseases, etc.

In seeking a potential compound for the treatment of cardiovascular disease, researchers investigated whether the dietary supplement (bromelain) has the potential to reduce plasma fibrinogen and other cardiovascular disease's (CVD) risk factors in patients with diabetes.

The 12 weeks randomized placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel design, efficacy study was carried out in China including 68 Chinese diabetic patients [32 males and 36 females; Han origin, the mean age of 61.26 years (standard deviation (SD), 12.62 years)] with at least one CVD risk factor.

Patients were randomized into either bromelain or placebo group. While bromelain group received bromelain capsule(1,050 mg, taken (2×350 mg) after breakfast and another (350 mg) after dinner, the placebo group received placebo capsule which consisted of inert ingredient with no treatment effect.

According to the tested assays, bromelain group at the end of the study showed a mean reduction of 0.13 g/L of fibrinogen level, compared with the mean reduction of 0.36 g/L in the placebo group.

Although there is no difference in mean change in other CVD risk factors (blood lipids, blood pressure), blood glucose, C-reactive protein, and anthropometric measures, however, according to the additional examination, researchers found statistical differences in fibrinogen may have influenced the results of bromelain effects on CVD.

In order to reveal more information about bromelain anti CVD activity, researchers launched a study by reviewing the correlated study on online medical literature.

According to the results of 6 papers met the inclusion criteria out of 223 papers retrieved, bromelain showed a significant effect on acute thrombophlebitis, by decreasing aggregation of blood platelets.

Futhermore, injection of bromelain also exhibited a cardioprotective effect, by ameliorating rejection-induced arterial wall remodeling, preventing thrombin-induced human platelet aggregation and reducing thrombus formation.

Taken altogether, bromelain may be considered supplements for the prevention of cardiovascular disease, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of bromelain in the form of supplement should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

Sources
(1) Bromelain and cardiovascular risk factors in diabetes: An exploratory randomized, placebo controlled, double blind clinical trial by Ley CM1, Ni Q2, Liao X3, Gao HL4, Robinson N. (PubMed)
(2) A review of the use of bromelain in cardiovascular diseases by Ley CM1, Tsiami A, Ni Q, Robinson N. (PubMed)

Herbal Turmeric, the Natural Prevention and Treatment of Diabetic Complications

By Kyle J. Norton

Diabetes is a chronic and medical condition characterized by the inability of the body to use insulin to convert glucose in the bloodstream to energy.

In other words, diabetes is a result of insufficient insulin entering the bloodstream to regulate glucose caused by either a reduced number of beta cells in the pancreas or insulin receptor site clogged up with fat or cholesterol.

Diabetic complications are any diseases associated with hyperglycemia if the blood glucose is not managed properly. Patients with diabetes may induce a number of complications including cardiovascular disease, neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy, and foot ulcer.

By managing your blood glucose properly and daily, the risk of diabetic complications can be reduced in diabetics by

*Taking your medication as direction.

*Keeping tight control of your blood sugar or managing the blood glucose in the required range

* Eating healthy with moderate exercise to protect your weight, blood pressure and cholesterol. Overweight, blood pressure and cholesterol are some of the conditions associated with increased risk of diabetes complications.

* Get regular checkups

* Quit smoking

If you are following the aforementioned suggestion, you may do just fine in the prevention of diabetes complications.

Turmeric is a perennial plant in the genus Curcuma, belonging to the family Zingiberaceae, native to tropical South Asia.

The herb has been used in traditional medicine as anti-oxidant, hypoglycemic, colorant, antiseptic, wound healing agent, and for the treatment of flatulence, bloating, and appetite loss, ulcers, eczema, inflammations, etc.

In the urgency to find a potential ingredient for the prevention of diabetic complications, researchers examined the effect of curcumin plethora of biologic and pharmacologic properties associated with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.

Curcumin protected diabetics by its pleiotropic regulation of redox balance of cell and inflammation

In other words, curcumin exerted its diabetic complications by induction of various pathologic conditions, including detoxification and anti-inflammation.

In vivo, curcumin protected the diabetes-induced animal by protecting the micro-vascular function against the onset of coronary microvascular disease.

Dr. Jeenger MK, the lead scientist after taking into account co and confounders, SAID, " importance of curcumin in addition to the existing therapeutic modalities in diabetic complications".

Taken altogether, turmeric may be considered a supplement for the prevention and treatment of diabetic complications, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of turmeric in the form of supplement should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

(1) Therapeutic potential of curcumin in diabetic complications by Parsamanesh N1, Moossavi M1, Bahrami A2, Butler AE3, Sahebkar A. (PubMed)

(2) Curcumin: a pleiotropic phytonutrient in diabetic complications by Jeenger MK1, Shrivastava S1, Yerra VG1, Naidu VG1, Ramakrishna S2, Kumar A. (PubMed)

Phytochemical Indicaxanthin Blocks the Formation of Plague Against the Onset of Atherosclerosis

By Kyle J. Norton

Atherosclerosis is a medical condition caused by plaque accumulated on the wall of arteries, leading to the narrowing of the artery and reducing oxygen risk blood flow to the heart and brain.

Depending on the location of the blockage, if the reduced blood flow occurred in the brain, it will cause the death of the brain cells, leading to stroke.

However, if the reduced blood flow occurred in the heart, it will cause damage to the heart tissues, leading to heart disease.

Most common disease associated with atherosclerosis is coronary artery disease. Plaques are made up of cholesterol, calcium and other chemical substances in the artery

Most people with atherosclerosis are asymptomatic at the early stage.

Some researchers suggested that atherosclerosis is a lipoprotein-driven disease. Therefore, people with high blood cholesterol are at an increased risk of atherosclerosis. Overuse of calcium supplement is also found to elevated the condition risk, particularly in the elderly.

Other risk factors that have bee found epidemiologically by studies are high blood pressure, triglycerides, smoking, insulin resistance, obesity or diabetes and inflammatory diseases, such as arthritis, lupus or infections.

Most cases of atherosclerosis can be reversed by making a change of lifestyle and moderate exercise.

Dr. Singh RB, the lead scientist wrote, "Adherence to diet and exercise was obtained through questionnaires and information obtained was quantified into a formula. After 24 weeks, the overall score of diet and exercises were significantly higher in group A(intervention diet( than in group B(control). There were a significant decrease in serum total cholesterol (13.3%), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (16.9%), triglycerides (19.2%), fasting blood glucose (19.5%) and blood pressures (11.5/6.2 mm Hg) in the intervention group compared with initial levels and changes in group B".

Indicaxanthin is phytochemicals in the class of red and yellow indole-derived pigments of betacyanins, belonging to the group of betalains, found abundantly in beets, chard, etc.

With an aim to find a natural compound for the treatment of atherosclerosis, researchers at the Università di Palermo investigated the effect of phytochemical indicaxanthin (Ild) a major compound found in beetroot on human atheromas.

7-Ketocholesterol (7-KC)-induced the development of human atheromas, according to the kinetic measurements within 24 h, before injection of indicaxanthin showed the early formation of intracellular reactive oxygen species over basal levels, preceding NADPH oxidase-4 (NOX-4) over-expression and elevation of cytosolic Ca²⁺, involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. and associated with the progressive depletion of antioxidant activity of total thiols.

Furthermore, 7-KC- also induced the expression of NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) associated with the production of proinflammatory cytokines and innate and adaptive immune response.

Where 7-Ketocholesterol (7-KC) induced apoptosis of macrophages has been found to elevated the plaque progression and endoplasmic reticulum stress caused by secretion of pro-inflammatory, procoagulant, and proteolytic molecules by macrophages.

Believe it or not, Co-incubation of 2·5 μm of indicaxanthin completely prevented 7-KC-induced pro-apoptotic events.

In other words, indicaxanthin protects the macrophages integrity against apoptosis, thus reducing the risk of plaque accumulated on the wall of the arteries in facilitating the onset of atherosclerosis.

Based on the findings, researchers concluded, "The effects of Ind may be ascribed to inhibition of NOX-4 basal activity and over-expression, inhibition of NF-κB activation, maintaining cell redox balance and Ca homeostasis, with the prevention of mitochondrial damage and consequently apoptosis".

Taken altogether, phytochemical indicaxanthin (Ild) found in beetroot may be considered supplements for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis, pending to the confirmation of larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of indicaxanthin (Ild) in the form of supplement should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Phytochemical indicaxanthin suppresses 7-ketocholesterol-induced THP-1 cell apoptosis by preventing cytosolic Ca(2+) increase and oxidative stress by Tesoriere L1, Attanzio A, Allegra M, Gentile C, Livrea MA. (PubMed)
(2) Betalains, the nature-inspired pigments, in health and diseases by Rahimi P1, Abedimanesh S1, Mesbah-Namin SA1, Ostadrahimi A. (PubMed)
(3) Effects of diet and lifestyle changes on atherosclerotic risk factors after 24 weeks on the Indian Diet Heart Study by Singh RB1, Singh NK, Rastogi SS, Mani UV, Niaz MA. (PubMed)

Wednesday 17 April 2019

The Herbal Aloe Vera's 30 Health Benefits

By Kyle J. Norton

Aloe Vera is species of succulent plant in the genus Aloe, belonging to the Family Xanthorrhoeaceae, native to Sudan. It has become very popular for commercial cultivation due to its health benefits.

The herb has been used in herbal medicine in treating many kinds of disease, including wound, burn healing, minor skin infections, sebaceous cysts, diabetes, and elevated cholesterol, etc. It is also one of many popular herbs studied in scientific ways with some conflicting results.

1. Herbal Aloe Vera, The Natural Anti Non-Insulin Dependent Type II Diabetes Functional Food, Scientist Find
2. Herbal Aloe vera and Acne vulgaris
3. Herbal Aloe Vera, The Potential Cure of Gastric Ulcer With No Side Effects
4. Herbal Aloe Vera Gobbles Up Cancer Cells in Vivo and Vitro
5. Aloe Vera Inhibited Symptoms and Progression of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome With No Side Effects, According to Studies
6. Herbal Aloe Vera, a Potent Mouth Wash for the Prevention and Treatment of Gingivitis with No Side Effects
7. Herbal Aloe Vera, the Natural Remedy for the Treatment Psoriasis
8. Herbal Aloe Vera, the Potential Anti Irritable Bowel Syndrome Remedy
9. Herbal Aloe Vera, the Promising Anti Skin Diseases Functional Remedy
10. Herbal Aloe Vera, the Promising Topical Wound Healing Functional Remedy, Researchers Say
11. Herbal Aloe Vera Improves the Function of the Immune System with No Side Effects
12.Herbal Aloe Vera, the Anti Skin Aging Functional Remedy with NO Side Effects, According to Studies
13. Herbal Aloe Vera, the Potential Anti Prostate Cancer Functional Remedy
14. Herbal Aloe Vera, the Potent Anti Colon Cancer Herbal Remedy
15. Aloe vera gel (AVG) and Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOs)
16. Herbal Aloe vera and lung cancer
17. Herbal Therapy: Aloe Vera, the Natural Whole Food Medicine for Reduced Aging Wrinkle
18. Herbal Therapy: Aloe Vera, the Natural Whole Food Medicine for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis
19. Herbal Therapy: Aloe Vera, the Anti-Constipation Natural Whole Food Medicine
20. Herbal Therapy: Aloe Vera, the Natural Whole Food Medicine in Anti Microbial effects
21. Herbal Therapy: Aloe Vera, the Natural Whole Food Medicine to Restore Normal Levels of Cholesterol
22. Herbal Therapy: Aloe Vera, the Neuroprotective Natural Whole Food Medicine
23. Herbal Therapy: Topical Aloe Vera, The best Whole Food Medicine for Treatment of Burn
24. Herbal Therapy: Aloe Vera, The Immunomodulatory Whole Food Medicine
25. Aloe Vera, The Functional Herb Which Processes Anti Hypertensive Potency
26. Herbal Therapy: Aloe Vera, the Natural Whole Food in Inhibited HSV-1(Herpes simplex) Activity
27. Herbal Therapy: Aloe Vera, the Natural Antioxidant Whole Food
28. Herbal Therapy: Aloe Vera, the Natural Whole Food Medicine for Reduced Symptoms and Treatment of Oral Submucous Fibrosis
29. Herbal Aloe Vera Juice, the Potent Mouth Wash for Treatment of Oral Mucositis Caused by Chemo and Radiation Therapy in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer
30. Herbal Aloe vera, the Anti Primary Glioblastoma Functional Remedy

The 18 Health Benefits of Phytochemical Sinigrin

By Kyle J. Norton

Sinigrin is a phytochemical glucosinolate, belonging to the family of glucosides found abundantly in Brussels sprouts, broccoli, the seeds of black mustard, etc.

Whole Food Ginger Suppresses Rheumatoid Arthritis

By Kyle J. Norton

Scientists may have found a kitchen pungent spice for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with no side effects, according to studies.

Rheumatoid Arthritis is a chronic disorder characterized by inflammation of the flexible (synovial) joints and tissues and organs in the body.

The disease affects more women than men and generally occurs after the ages of 40, causing the diminished quality of life of many elders.

According to the statistics provided by the CDC, musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) affects over 52 millions of adults in the US alone, including 294,000 children under age 18 with some form of arthritis or rheumatic conditions.

Rheumatoid arthritis was found to induce bone loss through elevating bone resorption without increasing bone formation.

A cross-sectional population-based study of 1042 patients with rheumatoid arthritis showed that RA patients had an increased risk of death from various causes.

Patient with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) often associates to valgus deformities of the feet and deformities of gait due to body function due to an effort to support the collapsing longitudinal arch of the foot. The kinematic and kinetic gait changes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are the result of a significant reduction in joint motions, joint moments, such as decreased hip flexion-extension range, hip abduction, knee flexion-extension range,...

Long-term bone damage and the prolonged onset of the disease can induce deformities of hand and wrist and small peripheral joints (such as fingers and wrist) due to chronic inflammation.

The effects of muscle strength in patients with RA may contribute to the prevalence of functional limitations physically that can affect daily living and quality of life.

Furthermore, rheumatoid nodules, lump on the skin, closed to the joint have been found to affect the joints of patients with RA.

Moreover, morning stiffness, a marker of inflammatory activity that reflects functional disability and pain is a very common symptom of patients in early stage of rheumatoid arthritis.

Dr. Motl RW and Dr. McAuley E. in the assessment of chronic diseases said, " The rationale and the associated onset of chronic disease conditions that influence function, disability, and quality of life (QOL) are embedded in the "Graying of America""(29), including patients with RA.

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) or ginger root, the second superfood used for thousands of years by mankind, is the genus Zingiber, belonging to the family Zingiberaceae, native to Tamil.

The root has been used in traditional and Chinese medicine for the treatment of dyspepsia, gastroparesis, constipation, edema, difficult urination, colic, etc.

Scientists in seeking a potent natural ingredient or compound for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis investigated ginger's traditional use as an anti-inflammatory against RA in Chinese and Ayurvedic medicine.

In joint swelling in an animal model of rheumatoid arthritis and streptococcal cell, wall-induced researchers compared crude ginger extract and a fraction containing only gingerols and their derivatives.

According to the assays, both extracts were efficacious in preventing joint inflammation.

However, the crude dichloromethane extract, containing essential oils and more polar compounds, was more efficacious in preventing both joint inflammation and destruction, compared to the fraction.

The results strongly suggested the use of ginger extract for the prevention of joint inflammation and destruction in RA.

Dr. Funk JL and colleagues at the University of Arizona wrote, " these data document a very significant joint-protective effect of these ginger samples and suggest that nongingerol components are bioactive and can enhance the antiarthritic effects of the more widely studied gingerols.

In order to reveal more information about ginger anti-RA property, researchers evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of ginger's other secondary metabolites, the essential oils (GEO), containing terpenes in female Lewis rats with SCW-induced arthritis.

Injection of GEO (28 mg/kg/d ip) prevented chronic joint inflammation, without altering the initial acute phase of joint swelling and granuloma formation at sites of SCW deposition in the liver.

Compared to pharmacologic doses of 17-β estradiol (200 or 600 μg/kg/d sc), GEO elicited the same pattern of anti-inflammatory activity by its phytoestrogenic activity.

Based on the findings, Dr.Funk JL, the lead scientist wrote again in the final report, "ginger's anti-inflammatory properties are not limited to the frequently studied phenolics, but may be attributable to the combined effects of both secondary metabolites, the pungent-tasting gingerols and as well as its aromatic essential oils".

Take all together, ginger processed a high amount of bioactive compounds and secondary metabolites may be considered a functional alternative for prevention and treatment of RA, pending to the confirmation of large sample size and multicenter human study.

Sources
(1) Anti-Inflammatory Effects of the Essential Oils of Ginger (Zingiber officinaleRoscoe) in Experimental Rheumatoid Arthritis by Funk JL1, Frye JB1, Oyarzo JN1, Chen J1, Zhang H2, Timmermann BN. (PubMed)
(2) Comparative effects of two gingerol-containing Zingiber officinale extracts on experimental rheumatoid arthritis by Funk JL1, Frye JB, Oyarzo JN, Timmermann BN. (PubMed)
(3) Most Common Disease of the elder: The Clinical Trials and Studies of musculoskeletal disorders(MSDs) - Rheumatoid Arthritis: The Signs and Symptoms by Kyle J. Norton