Monday, 3 August 2020

Cranberry, a Potential Anti-Intestinal Inflammatory Whole Food

By Kyle J. Norton

 Intestinal inflammation is an infection of the gastrointestinal tract.

Inflammation is the natural response of the immune system macrophages, the first line of defense in stimulating the production of inflammatory cytokines to protect our body against the infection caused by foreign microorganisms during the acute phase of body damage and injury.

Most cases of infection associated with inflammation are stopped at the acute phase. The wound or injury is slowly recovered.

However, overexpression of inflammatory cytokines in most cases can cause improper healing with scar formation or the death of nearby cells.

Any inflammation that lasts more than 3 months is considered chronic inflammation.

Chronic inflammation is the result of the immune system's inability to kill off all the microorganisms participated in the acute phase of infection, leading to the forming of autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases such as RA and diabetes.

The most common symptoms of intestinal inflammation are diarrhea with or without blood, abdominal pain, and cramping, fever, the urgency to have a bowel movement.

Conventionally, anti-inflammatories include corticosteroids and aminosalicylates, such as mesalamine (Asacol HD, Delzicol, others), balsalazide (Colazal) and olsalazine (Dipentum) are the first-line medicines used for the treatment of intestinal inflammation.

Anti-inflammation is the process that inhibits inflammation or swelling without affecting the immune property to curb foreign pathogens.

Cranberry is an evergreen dwarf shrub, genus Vaccinium, belongings to the family Ericaceae, native to Northern America and Southern Asia. Because of its health benefits, cranberry has been cultivated in some parts of the world for commercial profit and used in traditional and herbal medicine to treat wounds, urinary disorders, diarrhea, diabetes, stomach ailments, and liver problems.

On finding a potential compound for the protection of the digestive system, researchers investigated the effects of a cranberry extract (CE) in intestinal inflammation on high fat/high sucrose (HFHS)-mice.
The study included selected C57BL/6J mice fed either a chow or a HFHS diet. HFHS-fed mice that were gavaged daily either with vehicle (water) or CE (200 mg/kg) for 8 weeks.

According to tested results, CE treatment was found to reduce HFHS-induced weight gain and visceral obesity associated with chronic inflammatory diseases.

* Furthermore, CE treatment also decreased liver weight and triglyceride accumulation in association with blunted hepatic and intestinal oxidative stress and inflammation.

* CE treatment was found to lower intestinal triglyceride content and to alleviate intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress. Interestingly, CE treatment markedly increased the proportion of the mucin-degrading bacterium Akkermansia in our metagenomic samples.

Based on the evidence, researchers said, "CE exerts beneficial metabolic effects through improving HFHS diet-induced features of the metabolic syndrome, which is associated with a proportional increase in Akkermansia spp".

Taken altogether, cranberry combined with conventional medicines may be considered a gastric protective remedy for the management of intestinal inflammation pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)

Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) A polyphenol-rich cranberry extract protects from diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance and intestinal inflammation in association with increased Akkermansia spp. population in the gut microbiota of mice by Anhê FF1, Roy D2, Pilon G1, Dudonné S2, Matamoros S2, Varin TV2, Garofalo C3, Moine Q3, Desjardins Y2, Levy E4, Marette A. (PubMed)

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