Beta-Sitosterol, the Anti-Inflammatory Phytochemical

By Kyle J. Norton

Inflammation is a natural response by the immune system to protect the body against the invasion of stimuli or foreign pathogens.

Acute inflammation is a short-term condition caused by tissue injury, leading to pain, redness, swelling, and heat to the affected area, depending on the size of the injury. Some patients with acute inflammation may also experience the symptom of loss of function.

In acute inflammation, the white blood cells on the first line of defense of the immune system after sensing the danger of an infection in the body through a message from the brain stimulate the production of platelets to cover the site of injury or damage and inflammatory cytokines to kill off all pathogens before they can cause harm to the body.

Most cases of infection are stopped at the acute phase. The wound or injury is slowly recovered.

Chronic inflammation is a low-grade inflammation caused by the inability of the immune system to eliminate the invasive pathogens that occurred in the acute phase of infection.

Any inflammation that lasts more than 8 weeks is considered chronic inflammation.

Believe it or not, worldwide, 3 of 5 death are results from chronic inflammatory diseases like stroke, chronic respiratory diseases, heart disorders, cancer, obesity, and diabetes.

Anti-inflammation is the process that inhibits inflammation or swelling without affecting the immune property to curb foreign pathogens.

Conventionally, the most common use of anti-inflammatory medicines is over counter aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, Nuprin) and other prescription NSAIDs.

Beta-Sitosterol is a phytochemical in the class of Phytosterols, belongings to the group of Lipids, found abundantly in avocados, rice bran, wheat germ, corn oils, fennel, peanuts, soybeans, hawthorn, basil, buckwheat. etc.

On finding a potential phytochemical for the prevention of diseases involved in oxidative stress, researchers investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of β-sitosterol (BSS) isolated from Moringa oleifera in two cell lines.

According to the experimental analysis, over a dose range of 7.5 to 30 μM, BSS in the medium as nanoparticles with diameters of 50 ± 5 nm suppressed the secretion of inflammatory factors from keratinocytes and macrophages induced by ROS and proteins associated with the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, 

The application of BSS significantly reduced the expression of NLRP3, a key component of NLRP3 inflammasomes that participates in the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18, and inhibited the activation of caspase-1, the precursors of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin 1β and interleukin 18.

NF-κB, the protein associated with the signaling of inflammation in macrophages was also partially inhibited by BSS.

Taken altogether, beta-Sitosterol may be considered a supplement for the prevention and treatment of inflammation, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of beta-Sitosterol in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.


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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Identification of β-Sitosterol as in Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Constituent in Moringa oleifera by Liao PC1, Lai MH2, Hsu KP3, Kuo YH4, Chen J1, Tsai MC5, Li CX6, Yin XJ6, Jeyashoke N7, Chao LK. (PubMed)