Thursday 29 November 2018

Ginger, the Potent Immune Modulatory Pungent Spice

By Kyle J. Norton

Scientists may have a pungent spice which processes a potential to improve the immune function against infection, some studies suggested.

Depending on the substances that affect the immunomodulatory process, some may improve the immune function by modulating the genes involved immune responses and protect the immune system against toxins or immunotoxic effects such as abnormal allergic reactions, other such as heavy metals can induce opposite effects.

For example, curcumin (diferuloylmethane), found in the spice turmeric and processed anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and chemopreventive activities may improve the immune system in the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation and overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines by target the genes associated with programming cell death and anti-inflammatory action and involved in the induction of these immune parameters.

On the other hand, toxic chemicals such as cadmium and lead accumulated in the body can have a negative impact on the immune defense by reducing the viability of both lymphocytes and macrophages was affected by heavy metals in a dose- and time-dependent manner.

Additionally, in vitro model, overexpression of lead and cadmium can results in dysregulation of lymphocytes and macrophages in stimulating the production of proinflammatory cytokines.

These results strongly suggested an unhealthy diet high in saturated and trans fat, red meat and processed and lifestyle such as smoking physical inactivity would have a negative impact in the immune system compared to a healthy diet high in fruits and vegetables.

Dr. Yehia M, the lead author in the study "Immunomodulatory effects of food". wrote, "There is a strong consensus that nutrition plays a role in modulating immune function and that the immune system needs an adequate supply of nutrients to function properly" and

"The micronutrients most often cited as being important to immune function include vitamins A, C, E, and B6, folate, iron, zinc, and selenium. Other nutrients mentioned as playing a role in immune function include beta-carotene (a precursor to vitamin A), vitamin B12, and vitamin D" and 

" On the other hand, " (Nutrient deficiency induced) over-activation of the immune system can lead to detrimental effects such as chronic inflammation or autoimmune diseases. In persons with allergies, a normally harmless material can be mistaken as an antigen".

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) or ginger root, the second superfood used for thousands of years by mankind, is the genus Zingiber, belonging to the family Zingiberaceae, native to Tamil.

The root has been used in traditional and Chinese medicine to treat dyspepsia, gastroparesis, constipation, edema, difficult urination, colic, etc.

With an aim to find a natural extract or whole food for the mediation of immune activity, researchers at the Lanzhou Medical College analyzed the effect of alcohol extract of Zingben officinale (ginger) rose on immunologic function of mice with the tumor.

Selected mice were orally administrated with the dose of 10 g/kg and 40 g/kg alcohol extract of Zingben officinale rose.

Application of the extract significantly raised the thymus index, spleen index, percentage of phagocytosis, the white blood cells rate of alpha-ANAE+ and titer of IgM of mice.

Where the thymus index and spleen index are the measurements of the immune functions, alpha-ANAE+ are hormones which play a very important role in regulating host immunity,

These results suggested that the alcohol extract of Zingben officinale rose improves significantly the status immunologic function in tumor-bearing mice.

Furthermore, in the evaluated the effect of [6]-gingerol and the pungent constituent of ginger on protoscoleces (PSC) culture, researchers showed that ginger exhibited a concentration- and time-dependent cytotoxic effect against PSC and cyst wall.

Interestingly, ginger was more effective compared to the application of [6]-gingerol.

In co-cultures. both extracts exerted a potential effect in the inhibition of parasites and stimulation of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) which plays a critical role in activating the innate and adaptive immunity against viral, some bacterial and protozoal infections.

More importantly, both extracts also regulated the NO production, a toxic defense molecule against infectious organisms.

In the depth differentiation, researchers suggested that Ginger may act, at least, through the [6]-gingerol in modulating the immune response against Echinococcus granulosus infection.

Taken altogether, ginger with abundant bioactive compounds may have an immune modulatory effect against infection and protect the immune system against toxicity.



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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)

Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Immunity: plants as effective mediators by Sultan MT1, Butt MS, Qayyum MM, Suleria HA. (PubMed)
(2) [Effect of alcohol extract of Zingben officinale rose on immunologic function of mice with tumor].[Article in Chinese] by Liu H1, Zhu Y. (PubMed)
(3) In vitro anti-hydatic and immunomodulatory effects of ginger and [6]-gingerol by Amri M1, Touil-Boukoffa C. (PubMed)
(4) Immunomodulatory effects of curcumin by Yadav VS1, Mishra KP, Singh DP, Mehrotra S, Singh VK. (PubMed)
(5) The immunomodulatory effect(s) of lead and cadmium on the cells of immune system in vitro by Krocova Z1, Macela A, Kroca M, Hernychova L.(PubMed)
(6) Immunomodulatory effects of food by Yehia M. El-Gamal, Ola A. Elmasry, Dalia H. El-Ghoneimy, Islam M. Soliman

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