The Effects of Field Mustard on Apoptotic and Inflammatory Responses

By Kyle J. Norton

The inflammatory response (inflammation) is the reaction of the immune system to target the tissues injured by trauma, toxins, heat, and pathogens.

Inflammation is a natural immune response that protects our body against the invasion of stimuli and foreign pathogens.

During the acute phase of infection, the immune first line of defense activates the protein associated with the production of blood palettes to cover the wound and inflammatory cytokines to the site of injury with an aim to prevent and kill off microorganisms.

However, the overproduction of inflammatory cytokines not only can induce fever, swelling, and pain in the affected area but also damage to the nearby cells and tissue, leading to the formation of scars.

Chronic inflammatory diseases are the class of conditions involved in low-grade inflammation to affect tissue or organ. Some researchers suggested that the immune system has evolved over thousands of years to kill off foreign invasive pathogens within a period of time, normally between 3 to 8 weeks. If the immune fails to do so, it will adapt to the new change, leading to chronic inflammation.

There are several factors that cause the onset of the conditions. Some scientists indicated untreated acute inflammation, such as an infection or injury and an autoimmune disorder involving the immune system mistakenly attacking healthy tissue are the most causes of chronic inflammatory diseases.


In people with a strong immune system, during the acute phase of infection, the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines are balanced by the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines without affecting the immune activity.

However, in children, the elderly, and people with a weakened immune system, overexpression of proinflammatory cytokines can damage the nearby cells and tissue, leading to the formation of scars.


On finding a potential plant that improves the apoptotic and inflammatory responses, researchers compared the effects of field mustard polysaccharides (BRPs) on acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4).

According to the results of mice that were treated with CCl4 after the oral administration of BRPs (55, 110, and 220 mg/kg) or bidentate (100 mg/kg) for 7 days, BRP pre-treatment significantly decreased the liver toxic markers MDA, ALT, ALP, and AST in the serum, by increasing the levels of SOD and GSH-Px in the liver.

BRPs pretreatment was found to alleviate hepatocyte injury by inhibiting the expression of proinflammatory proteins and pathways, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, and the CCl4 -induced hepatic tissue apoptosis caspase-3.

Based on the findings, researchers said, "This study demonstrated that BRPs exert hepatoprotective effect against the CCl4 -induced liver injury via modulating the apoptotic and inflammatory responses and downregulating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway".

Taken altogether, field mustard may be considered a functional food to enhance the apoptotic and inflammatory responses, pending the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Brassica rapa polysaccharides ameliorate CCl4-induced acute liver injury in mice through inhibiting inflammatory apoptotic response and oxidative stress by Qiuyue L1, Yang H2, Wang W3, Li N2, Zou X2, Li Y3, Zhang Y4, Kuang T5, Gang F. (PubMed)