Sinigrin may be used as a dietary supplement for the improvement of the antioxidant profile in patients with overexpression of reactive oxygen species (ROS), according to studies.
ROS, a phrase used to describe a number of reactive molecules. Free radicals are unstable molecules with unpaired electrons on the outer ring. In order for them to become stable, free radicals are ready to donate or intercept an electron from other stable atoms, leading to a chain reaction that can not be stopped until all electrons are paired or inhibited by antioxidants.
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) have long been known to be a component that impairs the function of the response of immune cells to microbial invasion and induces cytotoxicity in healthy cells, leading to the damage of lipids, proteins, and alternation of cell DNA.
In other words, overexpression of ROS can cause tissue and DNA damage, causing chronic diseases such as cardiovascular and inflammatory disease, cataracts, and cancer.
Free radicals can be produced by either cell metabolism or contact with outside sources, including the food and air we breathe.
In healthy individuals, free radicals are neutralized by the antioxidant enzymes produced by the body's defense system. People with low levels of antioxidant enzymes can acquire antioxidants from dietary sources found in fruits and vegetables.
In fact, free radicals play a dual role as both toxic and beneficial compounds, since they can be either harmful or helpful to the body. Free radicals can exert beneficial effects on cellular responses and immune function at low levels. However, at high concentrations, free radicals generate oxidative stress, a deleterious process that can damage all cell structures.
Antioxidants are stable molecules that inhibit free radicals.
Sinigrin is a phytochemical glucosinolate, that belongs to the family of glucosides found abundantly in Brussels sprouts, broccoli, the seeds of black mustard, etc.
Scientists on finding a natural compound that processes a strong antioxidant activity against oxidative stress examined by the effect of sinigrin anti-free radicals activity.
Sinigrin enhanced the immune macrophage function, by enhancing the activity of Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) against cell stress.
The chemical compound also inhibited the expression of free radicals on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in a concentration-dependent manner.
Sinigrin also exhibited anti-inflammatory activity against the expression of COX-2 and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in RAW 264.7 cells and proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6.
Treatment with sinigrin decreased pro-inflammatory expression (IL-1β and IL-18) and concurrently suppressed NLRP3, the protein associated with innate immune response and inflammation.
In other words, by blocking the expression of NLRP3, sinigrin inhibited the pro-inflammatory expression (IL-1β and IL-18).
Furthermore, the efficacy of sinigrin immunomodulatory activity was attributed to the decreasing activation of the signaling in the activation of pro-inflammatory pathways such as the NF-κB/MAPK pathways or NLRP3 inflammasome.
The findings strongly suggested that sinigrin has immunomodulatory effects by suppressing the production of inflammatory mediators.
Taken altogether, sinigrin may be considered an antioxidant supplement for modulatory activity against oxidative stress in the induction of inflammation.
However, the intake of sinigrin should be taken with extreme care to prevent acute liver toxicity.
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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All rights reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10,000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, Best Before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
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Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) Sinigrin and Its Therapeutic Benefits by Mazumder A1, Dwivedi A2, du Plessis J. (PubMed)
(2) Sinigrin inhibits the production of inflammatory mediators by suppressing NF-κB/MAPK pathways or NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages by Lee HW1, Lee CG1, Rhee DK1, Um SH2, Pyo S. (PubMed)
(3) Free Radicals, Antioxidants in Disease and Health by Lien Ai Pham-Huy,1 Hua He, and Chuong Pham-Huy. (PMC)
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