Obesity is a chronic condition characterized by excess body fat that has accumulated over time. People with a BMI of over 30 are considered obese.
Similarly, overweight is a condition of excess body weight relative to height. People with a BMI ranging from 25 to 29.9 are considered overweight.
According to the statistics, over 30 % of the American population is obese. Obesity has been found to induce adverse effects on nearly every system of the human body, leading to an increased risk of numerous diseases, including diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Furthermore, the rate of obesity in the US and Canada continues to climb at an alarming rate, leading to significant burdens to the country's economy and health care system.
Epidemiologically, the most common symptoms of obesity are breathlessness, increased sweating, inability to cope with physical activity, feeling very tired every day, back and joint pains, low confidence, self-esteem and feelings of isolation
According to the CDC, the most common complications associated with obesity are coronary heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, cancer of the breast, colon, endometrial, gallbladder, kidney, and liver, and sleep apnea.
Currently, there is no effective treatment of the disease. However, some researchers suggested that combatting the powerful environmental factors that influence eating and physical activity may be the best approach to reduce the risk of obesity.
Dr. EunSeok Cha, the lead scientist wrote, "Obesity among young adults is a growing problem in the United States and is related to unhealthy lifestyle habits such as high caloric intake and inadequate exercise. Accurate assessment of lifestyle habits across obesity stages is important for informing age-specific intervention strategies to prevent and reduce obesity progression".
And, "Overweight and obese young adults can promote their cardiometabolic health with healthy lifestyles. To take action, young adults need practical and strategic dietary advice about beverage choices, diet quality, and macronutrient and micronutrient sources. In addition, increasing overall activity and minimizing sedentary behavior needs to be emphasized for young adults to achieve physical activity goals.".
In other words, changing to a healthy lifestyle such as a healthy diet and moderate exercise, over long-term obesity is controllable.
Cranberry is an evergreen dwarf shrub, genus Vaccinium, belongings to the family Ericaceae, native to Northern America and Southern Asia. Because of its health benefits, cranberry has been cultivated in some parts of the world for commercial profit and used in traditional and herbal medicine to treat wounds, urinary disorders, diarrhea, diabetes, stomach ailments, and liver problems.
In finding a potential compound for the treatment of diseases associated with oxidative stress, researchers investigated the anti-adipogenic effect of the polyphenol-rich extract obtained from chokeberry Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliot, raspberry Rubus idaeus L., bilberry Vaccinium myrtillus L., and cranberry Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton fruits.
According to the results from the analysis, the preparations ranged from 25-100 μg/mL not only significantly decreased lipid accumulation but also inhibited the expression of reactive oxygen species in the adipocytes without showing cytotoxicity.
The Real-time PCR analysis also revealed that the extract at a concentration of 100 μg/mL suppressed the process of cell differentiation of adipogenesis and lipogenesis that converts triglyceride for storage in fat via inhibiting the gene expression (PPARγ) of energy metabolism and genes associated with adipogenesis (C/EBPα) and lipogenesis (SREBP1).
In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, the expression of adiponectin involved in regulating glucose levels as well as fatty acid breakdown was increased by 4.4 fold whereas the hormone leptin found in high levels of obese subjects was decreased by 90% by the extracts.
Based on the findings, researchers said, " the analyzed extract may be a promising source of bioactive compounds that support long-term weight maintenance and promote the effective management of obesity".
Taken together, cranberry combined with other herbal medicines may be considered a remedy for the management of obesity, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.
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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) Inhibitory activity of chokeberry, bilberry, raspberry and cranberry polyphenol-rich extract towards adipogenesis and oxidative stress in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipose cells by Kowalska K1, Olejnik A1, Szwajgier D2, Olkowicz M. (PubMed)
(2) Lifestyle habits and obesity progression in overweight and obese American young adults: Lessons for promoting cardiometabolic health by EunSeok Cha, PhD, MPH, MSN, CDE, RN, Margeaux K. Akazawa, MPH, Kevin H. Kim, PhD,*Colleen R. Dawkins, MSN, FNP-BC, RD, Hannah M. Lerner, BS, Guillermo Umpierrez, MD, FACP, FACE, and Sandra B. Dunbar, PhD, FAAN, FAHA, RN. (PMC)
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