Phytochemical Indole-3-carbinol, the Anti Pancreatic Cancer Cells Plant-Based Bioactive Compound

By Kyle J. Norton

Scientists may have found a bioactive compound for the prevention and treatment of pancreatic cancer, according to studies.

Cancer of pancreas or pancreatic cancer is a condition of a malignant neoplasm of the pancreas.

Most cases of primary pancreatic cancer start in the cells on the surface of the inner lining of the pancreas as a result of irregular cell growth caused by the alternation of DNA.

The pancreatic cancers start in the ducts (an exocrine component of the pancreas) carried pancreatic juices with cancer of an epithelium that originates in glandular tissue accounts for over 75 - 90% of all cases of exocrine cancers.

According to the statistic, pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer death in both men and women in the US. The cancer has the poorest prognosis compared to other major types of cancer, with a 5-yr survival rate of approximately 5%.

More precisely,  in the US, the age-adjusted incidence of pancreatic cancer is higher in men compared to women regardless of ethnicity.

Epidemiologically, the increase in age, gender, ethnicity, smoking, being obese and obese and certain medical conditions such as diabetes, family history are associated with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer.

Some researchers suggested that genetic preposition also place the carrier in a greater risk for the onset of the disease.

Dr. Alison P. Klein, in the joint study led by the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland suggested people who carry the mutated gene BRCA2 or PALB2 and genetic variation at the ABO blood group locus are associated with a modest increase risk of pancreatic cancer.
Indole-3-carbinol is a phytochemical in the class of Indoles, by the breaking down of the glucosinolate glucobrassicin, found abundantly in cabbage, kale, Brussels sprouts, rutabaga, mustard greens, broccoli, etc.

On the finding the natural ingredient for the treatment of pancreatic cancer without inducing chemoresistance due to the overexpression of microRNA-21 (miR-21), researchers at the Seoul National University College of Medicine evaluated the efficacy of indole-3-carbinol (I3C) in suppressing miR-21 expression.

Where miR-21 simultaneously regulates multiple programs that enhance cell proliferation, apoptosis, and tumor invasiveness by targeting the genes associated with cancer proliferation.

In human pancreatic cancer cells (Panc-1), injection of 13C inhibited the expression of miR-21 positively-correlated in a time- and dose-dependent manner.

13C and gemcitabine combination therapy increased cytotoxicity in Panc-1 cells.

The efficacy of 13C was attributed to its activity in promoting cancer cell apoptosis by attenuating miR-21 transfection.

The finding suggested that I3C would be effective for enhancing the sensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine via the inhibition of the overexpression of miR-21.

Additional experiment in demonstrating the ability of a dietary agent, indole-3-carbinol (I3C), to lower the LD(50) of gemcitabine (Gemzar) in decreasing growth of both male (MiaPaca2) and female (SU86.86) pancreatic cancer cells, researchers found that

* Without an injection of 13C, female pancreatic cancer cells were more resistant to gemcitabine.

* In male MiaPaca2 cells application of 1, 10 or 100 μM of I3C induced apoptosis by reactivating the tumor suppressor gene in pancreatic cancer cells. 

* 13C also protects the healthy pancreas cells by enhancing the activity of tumor suppressor gene.

Moreover, by examing the DNA methylation researchers suggested suppressor tumor gene (p16INK4a) inactivation in the promotion of hypermethylation is considered an early event in pancreatic carcinogenesis.

DNA methylation is a process by which methyl groups are added to the DNA molecule.

These results clearly indicated, I3C, a possible non-toxic hypomethylating agent, combined with the anticancer agent, gemcitabine, to be a powerful strategy for treating pancreatic cancer.

Taken altogether, bioactive compound indole-3-carbinol (I3C) may be used for the prevention and treatment of pancreas cancer, pending to the results of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.


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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

References
(1) Chemosensitivity induced by down-regulation of microRNA-21 in gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer cells by indole-3-carbinol by Paik WH1, Kim HR, Park JK, Song BJ, Lee SH, Hwang JH.(PubMed)
(2) Gender differences in gemcitabine (Gemzar) efficacy in cancer cells: effect of indole-3-carbinol. by Lyn-Cook BD1, Mohammed SI, Davis C, Word B, Haefele A, Wang H, Hammons G.(PubMed)
(3) Enhanced efficacy of gemcitabine by indole-3-carbinol in pancreaticcell lines: the role of human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 by Wang H1, Word BR, Lyn-Cook BD.(PubMed)
(4) Genetic Susceptibility to Pancreatic Cancer by Alison P. Klein. (PMC)