Women's Health - Premenstrual syndrome(PMS): The Adverse effects of Caffeine(Revised edition with references)

By Kyle J. Norton 
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
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Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

 Premenstrual syndrome is defined as faulty function of the ovaries related to the women's menstrual cycle, effected over 70% to 90% of women in the US and lesser for women in Southeast Asia because of difference in living style and social structure. The syndrome also interferes women's physical and emotional states, and daily activities as a result of hormone fluctuation and occurs one to two weeks before menstruation and then declines when the period starts.

Caffeine
1. Vitamins and minerals deficiency
Food containing caffeine also contains tannin(1) which block the digestive system in absorbing of vitamins and minerals in the digestive tract(1)t including iron, zinc, copper(2), magnesium(3), etc.,  the vital vitamins and minerals for women with PMS.

2. Unbalance of blood sugar
Caffeine is a stimulant, it helps to improve the function of nervous system(4) if it is taken in a right dose. Over dose of caffeine causes suddenly surge and fall of blood sugar(5) in the blood stream resulting in over production of adrenaline hormone(6)(7) leading to symptoms of PMS(8).

3. Methylxathines
Methylxathines in food containing caffeine inhibits the actions of sleepiness induces adenosine(11) and treat symptoms of asthma(12)(13), but may exhibit side effects of breast tenderness(9), begnin lumps(9)(10) and breast pain(10).

4. Theophylline and theobromine
Foods containing caffeine also contains methylxathines and theobromine which contrite to relaxed muscle(14) and improved blood pressure, if they are taken in small dose. Over dose of methylxathines and theobromine may increase the risk of blood sugar unbalance(15) leading to over production adrenaline hormone(16) causes of PMS symptoms(8).

5. Addictive
Caffeine is so additive(17),. It narrows your blood vessels(18) when taken. complete stop suddenly may induce symptoms of greater sleepiness, lower mental alertness, and poorer performance on simple reaction time, choice reaction time and recognition memory tasks, etc.(19). It is wise to stop it slowly over a period of time.


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References
(1) Assessment of Anti-nutritive Activity of Tannins in Tea By-products Based on In vitro Rumen Fermentation by Kondo M¹, Hirano Y², Ikai N³, Kita K⁴, Jayanegara A⁵, Yokota HO³.(PubMed)
(2) [Factors which modify the nutritional state of iron: tannin content of herbal teas].[Article in Spanish] by Pizarro F¹, Olivares M, Hertrampf E, Walter T.(PubMed)
(3) Rhubarb tannins extract inhibits the expression of aquaporins 2 and 3 in magnesium sulphate-induced diarrhoea model by Liu C¹, Zheng Y², Xu W², Wang H², Lin N¹.(PubMed)
(4) Caffeine and the central nervous system: mechanisms of action, biochemical, metabolic and psychostimulant effects by Nehlig A¹, Daval JL, Debry G.(PubMed)
(4) [Comparison of caffeine citrate and aminophylline for treating primary apnea in premature infants].[Article in Chinese] by Xu JL¹, Wang RQ, Chen DM.(PubMed)
(5) Caffeine's impairment of insulin-mediated glucose disposal cannot be solely attributed to adrenaline in humans by Battram DS¹, Graham TE, Dela F.(PubMed)
(6) Adrenaline rush: the role of adrenergic receptors in stimulant-induced behaviors by Schmidt KT¹, Weinshenker D.(PubMed)
(7) [Correlation between neurotransmitters and neurosteroids and premenstrual syndrome patients of Gan-yang ascending syndrome and Gan-qi stagnation syndrome].[Article in Chinese] by Gao H¹, Xia T, Qiao MQ.(PubMed)
(8) Adrenaline rush: the role of adrenergic receptors in stimulant-induced behaviors by Schmidt KT¹, Weinshenker D.(PubMed)
(9) Methylxanthines and benign breast disease by Schairer C, Brinton LA, Hoover RN.(PubMed)
(10) Caffeine restriction as initial treatment for breast pain by Russell LC.(PubMed)
(11) Effect of caffeine on intravenous adenosine-induced hyperemia in fractional flow reserve measurement by Matsumoto H¹, Nakatsuma K, Shimada T, Ushimaru S, Mikuri M, Yamazaki T, Matsuda T.(PubMed)
(12) [Asthma bronchiale: lung function is affected by coffeine].[Article in German] by Dinh QT¹, Bals R.(PubMed)
(13) Can we find better bronchodilators to relieve asthma symptoms? by Townsend EA¹, Yim PD, Gallos G, Emala CW.(PubMed)
(14) Opposite actions of caffeine and creatine on muscle relaxation time in humans by Hespel P¹, Op't Eijnde B, Van Leemputte M.(PubMed)
(15) Differential effects of methylxanthines on local cerebral blood flow and glucose utilization in the conscious rat by Grome JJ, Stefanovich V.(PubMed)
(16) Mood, alertness and sympathetic-adrenal medullary activity during the menstrual cycle by Pátkai P, Johannson G, Post B.(PubMed)
(17) The buzz: is caffeine addiction real?[No authors listed](PubMed)
(18) Effects of chronic administration of ethanolic extract of kolanut (Cola nitida) and caffeine on vascular function by Salahdeen HM, Omoaghe AO, Isehunwa GO, Murtala BA, Alada AR.(PubMed)
(19) Faster but not smarter: effects of caffeine and caffeine withdrawal on alertness and performance by Rogers PJ¹, Heatherley SV, Mullings EL, Smith JE.(PubMed)