Endometriosis: The Effects of Cramp Bark(revised edition with references)

By Kyle J. Norton  Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc,.
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Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

During the last stage of the menstrual cycle, normally a layer of endometriosis lining on the inside of the uterus is expelled, known as menstruation blood, instead some of the endometriosis tissues grow somewhere in the body to cause endometriosis. Endometriosis also react to hormone signals of the monthly menstrual cycle, by building and breaking up tissues and eliminating them through menstrual period.

Cramp bark is also known as water elder or European cranberry bush, it grows to 4-5 m tall. The fruit is edible in small quantities, with a very acidic taste. It is said to have the best female medicine compared to other herbs.

The effects
 1. Uterine relaxation(7)
Cramp bark is said to help increase the blood flow to the abdominal region, thereby it helps to relax the uterus resulting in lessening menstrual pain(1).

2. Menstrual cramps(1)
It is said that cramp bark is a reproductive muscle tonic medicine that helps to reduce overactive uterine muscles(1)(7) caused by over-production of certain hormones in the prostaglandins family.

3. Immune system(2)
The herb contains high amount of antioxidants of which helps the immune system fighting against forming of free radicals and irregular cell growth, including the cells of endometriosis adhesion and  reactive oxygen species such as superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical and nitric oxide(3).

4. Nervous tension(4)
Since it is containing high amount of flavonoids(3), it helps to reduce central nervous system disorders  that causes symptoms of endometriosis such as mood swing, irritation, anxiety, and depression(5).

5. Bring on period
Cramp bark has been used to bring on period either caused by hormone imbalance or blood stagnation probably through enhancing the liver function(6)(7) in blood regulation, thus increasing the blood flow to the abdominal region.

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References
(1) Antinociceptive and uterine relaxant activities of Viburnum toronis alive (Caprifoliaceae) by Calle J¹, Toscano M, Pinzon R, Baquero J, Bautista E.(PubMed)
(2) Antioxidant properties of European cranberrybush fruit (Viburnum opulus var. edule) by Rop O¹, Reznicek V, Valsikova M, Jurikova T, Mlcek J, Kramarova D.(PubMed)
(3) Antioxidant properties and polyphenolic compositions of fruits from different European cranberrybush (Viburnum opulus L.) genotypes by Kraujalytė V¹, Venskutonis PR, Pukalskas A, Česonienė L, Daubaras R.(PubMed)
(4) The use of flavonoids in central nervous system disorders by Grosso C¹, Valentão P, Ferreres F, Andrade PB.(PubMed)
(5) Neuroprotection by flavonoids by Dajas F¹, Rivera-Megret F, Blasina F, Arredondo F, Abin-Carriquiry JA, Costa G, Echeverry C, Lafon L, Heizen H, Ferreira M, Morquio A.(PubMed)
(6) Phytochemical constituents and hepatoprotective activity of Viburnum tinus by Mohamed MA¹, Marzouk MS, Moharram FA, El-Sayed MM, Baiuomy AR.(PubMed)
(7) Viopudial, a hypotensive and smooth muscle antispasmodic from Viburnum opulus by Nicholson JA, Darby TD, Jarboe CH.(PubMed)
(8) [Study on the effect of vibsane-type diterpenoids of viburnum odoratissimum on human HepG2 cell growth and its underlying mechanism].[Article in Chinese] by Zhang HF, Wang L, Liu J, Zhou WB, Zhang LZ, Shan YJ, Yu ZY, Liu P, Tang HW, Cong YW.(PubMed)