Chaste tree berries may process a strong anti-inflammatory effect in reduced symptoms of reddened, swollen, and hot caused by an overreaction of immunity, a study suggested.
Inflammatory activity is an action of the immune system taken to protect the body against injury and infection.
Chaste tree berry is a species of Vitex agnus-castus, genus Vitex, belonging to the family Lamiaceae, native to the Mediterranean region, used in herbal medicine for thousands of years as an aphrodisiac herb and considered a Queen herb in treating menstrual problems and discomforts.
According to Kyung Hee University, casticin a major compound found from Vitex species at doses of 1, 2, and 10mg/kg casticin via an i.p. injection to C57BL/6 mice, expressed a significant effect in inhibition of the numbers of cells of neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes through reduced levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, as shown in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and lung histological analysis.
Furthermore, the tested compound also displayed a remarkably decreased peribronchial thickening or bronchial wall thickening and perivascular inflammatory cells and the epithelium thickness in mice with lung inflammation, particularly to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
In some newly found chemical compounds isolated from Chaste tree berry, namely a phenylindene-type lignan, vitexdoin F (1), and three phenylnaphthalene-type lignans, vitexdoins G, H and I (2-4) in the testing of anti-inflammatory activities, Compound 1 showed significant inhibition on the nitric oxide (NO) production (IC50 4.17 μg/mL) in induced inflammation.
Other, in the evaluation of the anti-arthritic activity of the extract of V. negundo seeds (EVNS) using Freund's complete adjuvant (CFA) induced arthritis (AA) in rat model, oral administrated rats showed elevated anti-inflammatory activities through suppressed paw edema, decreased the arthritis score, spleen index, and reversed the weight loss.
In fact, the efficacy of the extract of Chaste tree berry in reduced inflammation may be the result of suppressed expression of the protein in regulated pro-inflammatory cytokines in various inflammatory pathways.
Taken together, phytochemical compounds found in Chaste tree berries may exhibit strong anti-inflammatory properties by ameliorating the protein involved in the expression of proinflammatory
cytokines.
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(1) Casticin, an active compound isolated from Vitex Fructus, ameliorates the cigarette smoke-induced acute lung inflammatory response in a murine model by Lee H1, Jung KH2, Lee H3, Park S4, Choi W5, Bae H6(PubMed)
(2) Anti-inflammatory and anti-osteoporotic lignans from Vitex negundo seeds by Zheng CJ1, Zhang XW2, Han T1, Jiang YP1, Tang JY3, Brömme D4, Qin LP5.(PubMed)
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