Kyle J. Norton
Benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH) is a condition, characterized by an increase in the number of cells of the prostate gland, causing partial, or sometimes virtually complete obstruction of the urinary tract.
According to statistics, BPH commonly starts at the age of 30 and symptoms usually cannot be realized until the age of 50.
More than half of men between the age of 60-70 are experiencing symptoms of BPH and only 10% are required treatment.
The suggestion of BPH is associated with nutritional status and eating habits,.
According to the study, 30 male patients with clinically confirmed and treated disease of the prostatic gland, including 15 men (aged 51-75 years) with BPH and 15 men (aged 51-73 years) with PC, improper nutritional status lead to incorrect nutritional habits which fail to improve health status may be the cause of the development of some diet-dependent diseases, such as BPH and prostate cancer(a).
Most symptoms of an enlarged prostate are related to bladder function in urinary excretion, if you experience some of the symptoms of a weak stream of urine, difficulty starting urination, dribbling of urine, especially after urinating,..... and a sense of not fully emptying the bladder, you may develop enlarge prostate.
In a severe case, patients may also develop symptoms of nighttime frequent urination and a strong and sudden desire to urinate,.... and blood in the urine.
As the size of the prostate increase, the sex organ may press on the urethra which not only causes urinary problems but also can cause urinary pain (dysuria or pain with urination).
The most common causes of an enlarged prostate are prostate cancer and prostate infection (prostatitis). However, compared to a diet of men in the Far East, the risk of the enlarged prostate of men who follow the Western diet is substantially higher. These results suggested that aging, unhealthy diet, and lifestyle are associated with an increased risk of enlarged prostate.
Some researchers suggested that a proper diet with vegetables, and fruits containing zinc may reduce the risk of the disease from starting(b)(c).
Epidemiological studies indicated that intake of vegetables and fruits accompanied with a healthy lifestyle may be associated with prevented risk and treatment of enlarged prostate(d)(e)(f).
The efficacy may be due to the enhancement of the antioxidant effect on the overproduction of prostate cells(g)(h).
Types of vegetables that curd Enlarged Prostate (Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia(BPH))
1. Tomato
Tomato is red, edible fruit, genus Solanum, belongings to the family Solanaceae, native to South America. Because of its health benefits, the tomato is grown worldwide for commercial purposes and often in the greenhouse.
According to the study by the Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition, lycopene found in tomatoes inhibited the progression and reduced symptoms of BPH.(1)
But, intake of lycopene in the study at Universität Bonn showed no protection from the development of PCA(5), but consumption of tomato products, and lycopene ingestion might also be effective in PCA therapy(2).
Profluss®), the composition of Serenoa repens, selenium, and lycopene, displayed significant anti-inflammatory activities in reducing the risk of BPH by reducing extension and grading of fluorosis(3) and relieving the BHP symptoms(4).
2. Onion
The onion is a plant in the genus Allium, belongings to the family Alliaceae, a close relation of garlic.
The veggie is often called the "king of vegetables" because of its pungent taste and found in a large number of recipes and preparations of the root also spanning almost the totality of the world's cultures.
Depending on the variety, an onion can be sharp, spicy, tangy, pungent, mild, or sweet.
Rich sources of flavonoids in onion may be effective in treating benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)(6).
According to the Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, intake of onion showed an inverse association with BPH(7).
3. Whole Grain
Wholegrain is cereal grains containing cereal germ, endosperm, and bran.
The study by Beijing Medical University, conducted in 1993-1995 in Beijing of BPH in 413 rural and 419 urban males over 40 years of age, showed an increased BPH incidence with daily intake of total calories, fat, and animal protein, and decreased daily intake of vegetables and whole grain, the sources of phytoestrogens(8).
The study of the University of Illinois in Chicago indicated an inverse association with dietary intake of plant foods, including whole grain cereals(9).
Other researchers suggested that BPH is associated with elevations in plasma estradiol/testosterone ratio, insulin, and insulin-like growth factor-I and daily aerobic exercise can reduce all of these plasma factors, particularly when combined with a low-fat, high-fiber diet consisting of whole grains, fruits, and vegetables(10).
4. Organic soybean
Soybean is genus Glycine, in the family Fabaceae, native to Southeast Asia
One of the legumes contains twice as much protein per acre as any other major vegetable or grain crop.
Now, it is grown worldwide with a suitable climate for commercial profit and healthy food for people in Asia.
In a rat model of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), the Application of Anthocyanin, a major chemical constituent in the pigment and potent antioxidant of black soybean, inhibit the volume and suppresses the proliferation of the prostate(11) and
The study by Central South University, also indicated that soybean isoflavone inhibits prostate hyperplasia through increased expressions of nitric oxide and nitric oxide synthase in rats(12).
Moreover, the soybean Isoflavone also reduced the risk of prostate hyperplasia through increased acid phosphatase and PAP in a dose-dependent manner in rats, according to the Central South University, in Shanghai(13).
5. Cruciferous vegetables
Cruciferous vegetables are a group of vegetables belonging to the family Brassicaceae, including cauliflower, cabbage, cress, bok choy, broccoli, etc.
Sulforaphane (SFN) an isothiocyanate derived from cruciferous vegetables in the study of its effect in normal (PrEC), benign hyperplasia (BPH1), and cancerous (LnCap and PC3) prostate epithelial cells induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in BPH1, through its activities in effects on cell proliferation, HDAC activity and downstream targets in normal and cancer cells(14).
Ethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), found in cruciferous vegetables, in the testing on the androgen-influenced growth of the prostate such as benign hyperplasia, regulated the hormone-dependent growth of the prostate, through negated the testosterone-mediated enhancement of the androgen receptor (AR), via down-regulating transcription factor Sp1 expression and Sp1 binding complex formation(15).
6. Squash
Squash is the genus Cucurbita, belongings to the family Cucurbitaceae, and native to Mexico and Central America.
In North America, squash is divided into summer squash or winter squash, depending on the maturity of the squash when harvested, an immature fruit called summer squash and mature fruit called winter squash.
ProstateEZE Max, a herbal formula containing Cucurbita pepo, Epilobium parviflorum, lycopene, Pygeum africanum, and Serenoa repens in the study of benign prostate hypertrophy (BPH) demonstrated a positive effect in the improvement of physical symptoms of BPH after 3 months of intake(16).
However, the Minneapolis VA Center for Chronic Diseases Outcomes Research in the reviews of 6 phytotherapeutic agents (Serenoa repens, Hypoxis rooperi, Secale cereale, Pygeum africanum, Urtica dioica, Curcubita pepo)from 44 studies, showed no convincing evidence supporting the use of Curcubita pepo alone for treatment of BPH(17).
7. Spinach
Spinach is an edible flowering plant in the genus Spinacia, belongings to the family of Amaranthaceae and native to central and southwestern Asia.
The green leaf vegetable is considered a healthy plant containing vitamins and minerals.
The study of the effect of 3 anti-oxidants [a water-soluble natural anti-oxidant. NAO (200 mg/kg). found in spinach leaves; epigallocatechin-3 gallate, EGCG (200 mg/kg), a major green tea polyphenol; and N-acetylcysteine, NAC (125 mg/kg)] in TRAMP in wild-type male mice suggested the formula improved NAO in reduced hyperplasia at weeks 9 and 13(18).
In a case-control study of prostatic cancer which consisted of 100 patients matched for hospital, age (+/- 3 yr), and hospital admission date (+/- 3 months) to patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH) and hospital controls, conducted by the Kyoto University, a researcher found that frequent intake of spinach (RR = 1.96: 1.01-7.73), a typical green and yellow vegetable, was associated with reduced risk BPH and prostate cancer(19).
8. Mushrooms
Mushroom, a standard name for white button mushroom is the fleshy, spore-bearing fruiting body of a fungus produced above ground on soil or on its food source, belonging to the genus A. Muscaria in the family Amanitaceae.
In the examination of methanol extracts of 19 edible and medicinal mushrooms on 5alpha-reductase activity, scientists indicated that all 19 mushrooms exert inhibited effects of the testosterone-induced growth of the ventral prostate in castrated rats(20).
But the study conducted by Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi suggested oral administration of an extract of mushroom Phellinus linteus induced prostate enlargement(21).
Therefore using mushrooms in treating BPH should be taken with care only with the approval of the specialist.
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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
References
(a) Nutritional status and nutritional habits of men with benign prostatic hyperplasia or prostate cancer - a preliminary investigation by Goluch-Koniuszy Z, Rygielska M, Nowacka I.(PubMed)
(b) Diet and benign prostatic hyperplasia: a study in Greece by Lagiou P1, Wuu J, Trichopoulou A, Hsieh CC, Adami HO, Trichopoulos D.(PubMed)
(c) Associations of obesity, physical activity, and diet with benign prostatic hyperplasia and lower urinary tract symptoms by Raheem OA1, Parsons JK. (PubMed)
(d) Nutrition and benign prostatic hyperplasia by Espinosa G.(PubMed)
(e) Dietary patterns and prostatic diseases by Sebastiano C1, Vincenzo F, Tommaso C, Giuseppe S, Marco R, Ivana C, Giorgio R, Massimo M, Giuseppe M.(PubMed)
(f) Fruit and vegetable consumption, intake of micronutrients, and benign prostatic hyperplasia in US men by Rohrmann S1, Giovannucci E, Willett WC, Platz EA.(PubMed)
(g) Evaluation of oxidative stress and DNA damage in benign prostatic hyperplasia patients and comparison with controls by Ahmad M1, Suhail N, Mansoor T, Banu N, Ahmad S(PubMed).
(h) Oxidative stress and antioxidant status in non-metastatic prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia by Aydin A1, Arsova-Sarafinovska Z, Sayal A, Eken A, Erdem O, Erten K, Ozgök Y, Dimovski A.(PubMed)
(1) Lycopene inhibits disease progression in patients with benign prostate hyperplasia by Schwarz S1, Obermüller-Jevic UC, Hellmis E, Koch W, Jacobi G, Biesalski HK(PubMed).
(2) [Tomatoes and lycopene in prevention and therapy--is there evidence for prostate diseases?].
[Article in German] by Ellinger S1, Ellinger J, Müller SC, Stehle P.(PubMed)(3) Effects of Serenoa repens, selenium and lycopene (Profluss®) on chronic inflammation associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia: results of "FLOG" (Flogosis and Profluss in Prostatic and Genital Disease), a multicentre Italian study by Morgia G1, Cimino S, Favilla V, Russo GI, Squadrito F, Mucciardi G, Masieri L, Minutoli L, Grosso G, Castelli T.(PubMed)
(4) Treatment of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome category IIIA with Serenoa repens plus selenium and lycopene (Profluss) versus S. repens alone: an Italian randomized multicenter-controlled study by Morgia G1, Mucciardi G, Galì A, Madonia M, Marchese F, Di Benedetto A, Romano G, Bonvissuto G, Castelli T, Macchione L, Magno C.(PubMed)
(5) Lycopene for the prevention and treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer: a systematic review by Ilic D1, Misso M(PubMed).
(8) Changes in the prevalence of benign prostatic hyperplasia in China by Gu F.(PubMed)
(9) Correlations of dietary patterns with prostate health by Stacewicz-Sapuntzakis M1, Borthakur G, Burns JL, Bowen PE.(PubMed)
(10) Benign prostatic hyperplasia: does lifestyle play a role by Barnard RJ1, Aronson WJ. (PubMed)
(11) Anthocyanin extracted from black soybean reduces prostate weight and promotes apoptosis in the prostatic hyperplasia-induced rat model by Jang H1, Ha US, Kim SJ, Yoon BI, Han DS, Yuk SM, Kim SW. (PubMed)
(12) [Effects of soybean isoflavone on inhibition of benign prostatic hyperplasia and the expressions of NO and NOS of rats].[Article in Chinese] by Yang A1, Ren G, Tang L, Jiang W.(PubMed)
(13) [Inhibitive effect of soybean isoflavone on prostate hyperplasia in rats].[Article in Chinese] by Ren GF1, Huang YM.(PubMed)
(14) Differential effects of sulforaphane on histone deacetylases, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis in normal prostate cells versus hyperplastic and cancerous prostate cells by Clarke JD1, Hsu A, Yu Z, Dashwood RH, Ho E.(PubMed)
(15) Modulating testosterone stimulated prostate growth by phenethyl isothiocyanate via Sp1 and androgen receptor down-regulation by Beklemisheva AA1, Feng J, Yeh YA, Wang LG, Chiao JW.(PubMed)
(16) A phase II randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial investigating the efficacy and safety of ProstateEZE Max: a herbal medicine preparation for the management of symptoms of benign prostatic hypertrophy by Coulson S1, Rao A, Beck SL, Steels E, Gramotnev H, Vitetta L.(PubMed)
(17) Phytotherapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia by Wilt TJ1, Ishani A, Rutks I, MacDonald R.(PubMed)
(18) Slowing tumorigenic progression in TRAMP mice and prostatic carcinoma cell lines using natural anti-oxidant from spinach, NAO--a comparative study of three anti-oxidants by Nyska A1, Suttie A, Bakshi S, Lomnitski L, Grossman S, Bergman M, Ben-Shaul V, Crocket P, Haseman JK, Moser G, Goldsworthy TL, Maronpot RR. (PubMed)
(19) A case-control study of prostatic cancer with reference to dietary habits by Oishi K1, Okada K, Yoshida O, Yamabe H, Ohno Y, Hayes RB, Schroeder FH.(PubMed)
(20) Anti-androgenic activities of Ganoderma lucidum by Fujita R1, Liu J, Shimizu K, Konishi F, Noda K, Kumamoto S, Ueda C, Tajiri H, Kaneko S, Suimi Y, Kondo R.(PubMed)
(21) Administration of extract of mushroom Phellinus linteus induces prostate enlargement with the increase in the stromal component in an experimentally developed rat model of benign prostatic hyperplasia by Shibata Y1, Kashiwagi B, Arai S, Fukabori Y, Suzuki K.(PubMed)
(22) Effect of a standardized extract of red orange juice on the proliferation of human prostate cells in vitro by Vitali F1, Pennisi C, Tomaino A, Bonina F, De Pasquale A, Saija A, Tita B.(PubMed)
(23) Lycopene for the prevention and treatment of prostate disease by Ilic D.(PubMed)
(24) Effects of Serenoa repens, selenium and lycopene (Profluss®) on chronic inflammation associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia: results of "FLOG" (Flogosis and Profluss in Prostatic and Genital Disease), a multicentre Italian study by Morgia G1, Cimino S, Favilla V, Russo GI, Squadrito F, Mucciardi G, Masieri L, Minutoli L, Grosso G, Castelli T.(PubMed)
(25) [The association of Serenoa repens, lycopene, and selenium is superior to Serenoa repens alone in reducing benign prostatic hyperplasia].[Article in Italian] by Squadrito F1, Morgia G.(PubMed)
(26) The effectiveness of dried cranberries ( Vaccinium macrocarpon) in men with lower urinary tract symptoms by Vidlar A1, Vostalova J, Ulrichova J, Student V, Stejskal D, Reichenbach R, Vrbkova J, Ruzicka F, Simanek V.(PubMed)
(27) Risk factors for lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia in a community-based population of healthy aging men: the Krimpen Study by Kok ET1, Schouten BW, Bohnen AM, Groeneveld FP, Thomas S, Bosch JL.(PubMed)
(28) Enteric-coated, highly standardized cranberry extract reduces the risk of UTIs and urinary symptoms during radiotherapy for prostate carcinoma by Bonetta A1, Di Pierro F.(PubMed)
(29) The medicinal action of androgens and green tea epigallocatechin gallate by Liao S.(PubMed)
(30) Structure-activity relationships for inhibition of human 5alpha-reductases by polyphenols by Hiipakka RA1, Zhang HZ, Dai W, Dai Q, Liao S.(PubMed)
(31) Dietary soy and tea mitigate chronic inflammation and prostate cancer via NFκB pathway in the Noble rat model by Hsu A1, Bruno RS, Löhr CV, Taylor AW, Dashwood RH, Bray TM, Ho E.(PubMed)
(32) The medicinal action of androgens and green tea epigallocatechin gallate by Liao S.(PubMed)
(33) Risk factors for surgery for prostatic hypertrophy by Morrison AS. (PubMed)
(34) Food groups and risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia. by Bravi F1, Bosetti C, Dal Maso L, Talamini R, Montella M, Negri E, Ramazzotti V, Franceschi S, La Vecchia C.(PubMed)
(35) Benign prostatic hyperplasia: the opposite effects of alcohol and coffee intake by Gass R.(PubMed)
(36) Chronic caffeine intake increases androgenic stimuli, epithelial cell proliferation, and hyperplasia in rat ventral prostate by Sarobo C1, Lacorte LM, Martins M, Rinaldi JC, Moroz A, Scarano WR, Delella FK, Felisbino SL. (PubMed)
(37) Inhibition of the experimental induction of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a possible role for fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis Hook f.) seeds by Ejike CE1, Ezeanyika LU. (PubMed)
(38) Effects of pumpkin seed oil and saw palmetto oil in Korean men with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia by Hong H1, Kim CS, Maeng S.(PubMed)
(39) Inhibition of testosterone-induced hyperplasia of the prostate of Sprague-dawley rats by pumpkin seed oil by Gossell-Williams M1, Davis A, O'Connor N.(PubMed)
(40) Beneficial effects of virgin coconut oil on lipid parameters and in vitro LDL oxidation. Nevin KG. Rajamohan T. Clinical Biochemistry. 37(9):830-5, 2004 Sep. [Comparative Study. Journal Article] UI: 15329324 Authors Full Name Nevin, K G. Rajamohan, T.
(41) Effects of coconut oil on testosterone-induced prostatic hyperplasia in Sprague-Dawley rats. by de Lourdes Arruzazabala M1, Molina V, Más R, Carbajal D, Marrero D, González V, Rodríguez E.(PubMed)
(42) 5 alpha-reductase-catalyzed conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone is increased in prostatic adenocarcinoma cells: suppression by 15-lipoxygenase metabolites of gamma-linolenic and eicosapentaenoic acids by Pham H1, Ziboh VA. (PubMed)
(43) Comparison of fatty acid profiles in the serum of patients with prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia by Yang YJ1, Lee SH, Hong SJ, Chung BC. (PubMed)
(44) Prostate tissue and leukocyte levels of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in men with benign prostate hyperplasia or prostate cancer by Christensen JH1, Fabrin K, Borup K, Barber N, Poulsen J.(PubMed)
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