Garlic (Allium sativum) is a species in the onion genus, belonging to the family Amaryllidaceae, native to central Asia. It has been used popularly in traditional and Chinese medicine in treating the common cold and flu to the Plague, blood pressure cholesterol levels, natural antibiotics, etc.
Several sulfur-containing compounds, isolated from garlic may be very effective in the inhibition of platelet aggregation, a recent study suggested.
Antiplatelet activity is the effect of decreased platelet aggregation and inhibited thrombus formation.
According to Ochanomizu University, sulfur-containing compounds in garlic not only inhibited arachidonic acid metabolism but also suppressed aggregation in association with the function of the platelet plasma membrane.
In vitro, garlic mechanisms of action may be comparable to that of the clinically used drug clopidogrel, as the herb exerts antiaggregatory effects. Garlic extracts are acting by inhibiting the ADP pathway, an important physiological agonist of normal hemostasis and thrombosis.
Dr. MacDonald JA lead researcher said, " The ability of an aromatic disulfide to inhibit platelet aggregation can be enhanced by appending an electron-withdrawing group to the aromatic ring. The results presented to establish that the aromatic thiosulfonate is a very effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation"
Besides the sulfur compound, Ajoene, (E, Z)-4,5,9-trithiadodeca-1,6,11-triene 9-oxide, isolated from alcoholic extracts of garlic reversibly inhibited platelet aggregation through platelet deposition on severely damaged vessel wall but not affected platelet adhesion.
In fact, in the comparison of the effect of the Garlic Pill with Plavix on Platelet Aggregation and Bleeding Time, groups treated with 1200 or 2400 mg garlic inhibited platelet aggregation substantially, through an increased time of bleeding.
The use of garlic supplements should be taken with care for patients who are taking Anticoagulants as garlic may increase risk of bleeding. Also, patients with ulcers should consult with their doctors.
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Sources
(1) Improving upon the in vitro biological activity of antithrombotic disulfides by MacDonald JA1, Marchand ME, Langler RF. (PubMed)
(2) Inhibitory effect of sulfur-containing compounds in Scorodocarpus borneensis Becc. on the aggregation of rabbit platelets by Lim H1, Kubota K, Kobayashi A, Seki T, Ariga T.(PubMed)
(3) Antiplatelet activity of Allium ursinum and Allium sativum by Hiyasat B1, Sabha D, Grotzinger K, Kempfert J, Rauwald JW, Mohr FW, Dhein S.(PubMed)
(4) A garlic derivative, ajoene, inhibits platelet deposition on severely damaged vessel walls in an in vivo porcine experimental model by Apitz-Castro R1, Badimon JJ, Badimon L.(PubMed)
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