Tocopherols Kills Oral Cancer Cells in Vitro

By Kyle J. Norton

Mouth/oral cancer is a medical condition associated with the irregular cell growth on the tissues of the mouth caused by genetic alteration of the cell DNA.

Most cases of mouth cancer start in the flat, thin cells (squamous cells) of the inner lining tissue that lines the lips and the inside of the mouth.

According to the statistics provided by the American cancer society, in 2018, approximately, over 50,000 people will get oral cavity or oropharyngeal cancer. An estimated over 10,000 people will die because of these cancers in the United States.

The exact causes of mouth cancer are unknown. However, the increase in age, gender, exposure to radioactive, long-term use of tobacco use and excessive alcohol drinking, viral infection and genetic mutation are the most common prevalent risk factors found in people with mouth cancer.

The grades of oral cancer are depending on the tendency of spreading. Low-grade cancers usually grow more slowly and are less likely to spread while high-grade cancer indicates otherwise.

Stages
1. Stage O
Benign tumor
2. Stage I
The cancer is < 2 cm in size (about 1 inch), with no lymph nodes spreading found in the area.
3. Stage II
The cancer is ≥ 2 cm in size, but < 4 cm (less than 2 inches), with no lymph nodes spreading found in the area.4. Stage III

The cancer is ≥ cm in size or any size with only one lymph node on the same side of the neck as of cancer. The cancerous node is ≤ 3 cm (about one inch).
5. Stage IV
Cancer has spread to tissues around the lip and oral cavity with lymph nodes in the area may or may be infected. The cancer of any size and has spread to more than one lymph node on the same side of the neck or lymph nodes on one or both sides of the neck, or to any lymph node that measures ≥ 6 cm (over 2 inches) in size or to distant parts of the body.

Tocopherols are phytochemicals of which many have vitamin E activity, belongings to the group of Lipids, found abundantly in butter, egg yolk, milk fat, some vegetable, and seed or nut oils, etc.

On finding a potential phytochemical for the treatment of chronic diseases associated with inflammation, researchers examined the effects of α-tocopherol on the oral squamous carcinoma cells ORL-48.

According to the experimental results,

* In vitro study, α-tocopherol exhibited effective antitumor activity on ORL-48 at 2.5 ± 0.42 µg/mL.

* Although Cisplatin exhibited stronger activity at 1.0 ± 0.15 µg/mL, compared to α-tocopherol which exhibited cytotoxicity on normal human epidermal keratinocytes at very low concentration (<0.1 µg/mL).

* Despite the lower potency of α-tocopherol, signs of apoptosis such as the shrinkage of cells and appearance of apoptotic bodies were observed much earlier than cisplatin in time-lapse microscopy. 

* Both applications increased the number of cell accumulation in the G0/G1 phase with ultrastructural changes of the cellular structures verified the apoptotic mode of cell death by both agents.

Based on the findings, researchers said, " Both cisplatin and α-tocopherol displayed cell cycle arrest at the Sub G0 phase. α-tocopherol thus showed potential as an antitumor agent for the treatment of oral cancer and merits further research".

Taken altogether, tocopherols may be considered a supplement for the prevention and treatment of oral cancer, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of tocopherols in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.


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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Vitamin E (α-Tocopherol) Exhibits Antitumour Activity on Oral Squamous Carcinoma Cells ORL-48 by Zulkapli R1,2, Abdul Razak F1, Zain RB. (PubMed)