Kyle J. Norton
A neuron or nerve cell is a brain cell that carries electrical impulses. Neurons formed basic cords of the nervous system inclduing the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves.
The function of neurons is to process and transmit information that controls the body function.
Amyloid beta is the main component of the amyloid plaques found in the brains of Alzheimer patients.
Alzheimer's disease is a type of dementia correlated with major reductions of neurons to the respective target areas, named after German physician Alois Alzheimer.
In other words, Alzheimer's disease is caused by the gradual loss of neuron functioning that usually starts with the early symptom of the difficulty of remembering recent events and worsens over time.
Dementia is a group of neurodegenerative diseases caused by a decline in mental ability in the older population that is severe enough to interfere with daily life, such as memory loss.
Compared to dementia, neurological disorders are a class of brain diseases associated with reduced function of the brain, depending on the region of the neurons that were affected.
Alzheimer's destroys brain cells, causing cognitive modalities severe enough to affect language communication, memory, lifelong hobbies, or social life. Alzheimer's gets worse over time, and it is fatal.
The disease is most prevalent in the elderly and causes over 60% of all cases of dementia.
According to the statistics, approximately 5.7 million Americans of all ages are living with Alzheimer's.
Believe it or not, 15.9 million family caregivers provided an estimated 18.2 billion hours and $230 billion to people with dementia worldwide.
Epidemiological studies suggest that Alzheimer's disease is caused by a combination of genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors that affect the neurons of the brain over time. However, less than 10% of patients with AD are associated with a genetic predisposition. Patients with such mutated genes on chromosomes 21, 14, and 1 are virtually guaranteed to develop the disease.
Dr. Lynn M. Bekris, the lead scientist said, "Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of neurodegenerative disorder in elderly individuals. Clinically, patients initially present with short-term memory loss, subsequently followed by executive dysfunction, confusion, agitation, and behavioral disturbances".
And, " Three causative genes have been associated with autosomal dominant familial AD (APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2) and 1 genetic risk factor (APOEε4 allele)".
Turmeric is a perennial plant in the genus Curcuma, belonging to the family Zingiberaceae, native to tropical South Asia.
The herb has been used in traditional medicine as an anti-oxidant, hypoglycemic, colorant, antiseptic, wound healing agent, and to treat flatulence, bloating, and appetite loss, ulcers, eczema, inflammations, etc.
On findings a potential compound for the prevention of neuronal cell death in Alzheimer's disease, researchers compared the effects of curcuminoids, curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin and alpha-Tocopherol on beta-Amyloid (betaA) induced oxidative stress in brain cells.
According to the results from the tested analysis, all phytochemicals isolated from turmeric blocked the insults from the beta (1-42) in PC12 rat pheochromocytoma and normal human umbilical vein endothelial (HUVEC) cells.
Furthermore, the ED(50) values of curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin toward PC12 and HUVEC cells were 7.1+/-0.3, 4.7+/-0.1, 3.5+/-0.2 microg/ml and 6.8+/-0.4, 4.2+/-0.3, and 3.0+/-0.3 microg/ml, respectively.
Moreover, according to the DPPH radical trapping experiment assay, all 4 compounds exerted a strong antioxidant activity compared to that of alpha-tocopherol.
Additionally, the injection of alpha-tocopherol did not protect the cells from betaA(1-42) insult even at>50 microg/ml concentration.
Based on the results, researchers wrote, " The results suggest that these compounds may be protecting the cells from betaA(1-42) insult through antioxidant pathway".
Taken together, turmeric processed abundantly bioactive compound curcumin may be considered supplements for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease, pending the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.
Intake of turmeric in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.
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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All rights reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10,000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, Best Before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for Shorty Award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) Curcuminoids from Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberaceae) that protect PC12 rat pheochromocytoma and normal human umbilical vein endothelial cells from betaA(1-42) insult by Kim DS1, Park SY, Kim JK. (PubMed)
(2) Genetics of Alzheimer's Disease by Lynn M. Bekris, Ph.D.,1 Chang-En Yu, Ph.D.,1 Thomas D. Bird, MD,2 and Debby W. Tsuang, MD, MSc. (PMC)
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